BIOLOGY 3 Marks Question

Differences between enzymes and co-enzymes

S. No.	Enzyme	Co-enzyme
1.	Enzyme molecules are larger.	The molecules of co-enzymes are small.
2.	These are made of protein.	These are not made of protein.
3.	Each enzyme has a specific function.	Co-enzyme has normal function.
4.	Enzymes get decomposed by heat.	Co-enzymes are not decomposed by heat. These remain permanent.
5.	Active sites are found on their molecules.	There is a lack of active sites on their molecules.

differences in DNA and RNA.

S. No.	DNA	RNA
1.	It is mainly found in the nucleus.	It is mainly found in the cytoplasm but some amount of
2.	It contains deoxyribose sugar.	It contso found in the nucleus.
3.	A nitrogenous base called thiamine is found in it.	Uracil is found in place of thiamine in it.
4.	It forms a double helix.	It forms a rope.
5.	It is genetic material that carries traits from one offspring	It is used in protein synthesis

Inhibition: The activity of any enzyme is sensitive in the presence of specific chemicals which bind to the enzyme. When after binding of a chemical with an enzyme, its activity stops, then this process is called inhibition and that chemical is called inhibitory.
Competitive Inhibition: When the inhibitor is very similar to the substrate in its molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the enzyme, then it is called competitive inhibition.
Due to the close structural similarity of the inhibitor to the substrate, it competes with the substrate by binding to the substrate binding site of the enzyme. As a result, the substrate is unable to bind to the substrate binding site, resulting in slowing down of enzyme activity. For example, the inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate, which is closely similar in structure to the substrate succinate. Such competitive inhibitors are often used to control bacterial pathogens.