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BIOLOGY 5 Marks Questions

PART - 2 - Unit V : CH - 19 Chemical Coordination and Integration · Gujarat Board (GSEB) STD 11 Science (GSEB - English Medium). 12 questions.

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Question 15 Marks
Which hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary gland? Explain each one's function in detail.
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Question 25 Marks
What is the human endocrine system? Write the names of the endocrine glands found in humans and create a diagram depicting the situation of the endocrine glands.
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Question 65 Marks
Briefly describe the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland and the diseases caused by their irregular secretion.
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Question 75 Marks
Comment briefly on the following :
(i) Pineal Gland (ii) Thymus Gland (iii) Parathyroid Gland.
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Question 95 Marks
Draw a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus and describe the hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis.
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Question 115 Marks
Which glands are associated with the following diseases? Mention their names and the causes of the diseases :
1. Tetany, 2. Myxoedema, 3. Addison's disease, 4. Acromegaly, 5. Goitre, 6. Cones disease, 7. Diabetes, 8. Hashimoto's disease.
Answer
S. No. DiseaseAssociated
Glands		Reason
1. Tetany Parathyroid Gland Parathormone deficiency
2. Myxoedema Thyroid Gland Thyroxine deficiency
3. Addison's Adrenal Gland disease Cortical hormone deficiency
4. Acromegaly Pituitary Gland Somatotropic hormone excess
5. Goitre Thyroid Gland Thyroxine deficiency
6. Cones disease Adrenal Gland Insufficient secretion of mineralocorticoids
7. Diabetes Islets of Langer-hans (Pancreas) Insufficient insulin secretion
8. Hashimoto's
disease		 Thyroid Gland Insufficient secretion of thyroxine hormone
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Question 125 Marks
Explain the differences between the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.
Answer
Differences between the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla :
S. No.Adrenal CortexAdrenal Medulla
1. It is external firm region of the adrenal gland. It is central soft region of the adrenal gland.
2. It is pale yellowish-pink in colour. It is dark reddish-brown in colour.
3. It is enclosed by a fibrous capsule. It is not enclosed by a fibrous capsule.
4. It forms about 80% of the adrenal gland. It forms just 20% of the adrenal gland.
5. It develops from the mesoderm. It develops from the ectoderm (neural crests).
6. It consists of 3 concentric regions: Outer zona glomerulosa, middle zona fasiculata and inner zona reticularis. It is not differentiated into regions.
7. It is essential for life, its destruction causes death. It is not essential for life, its destruction does not cause death.
8. It secretes 3 groups of hormones : mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoides and gonado corticoids. It secretes 2 similar hormones nor adrenaline and adrenaline.
9. It is stimulated to release its hormones by the adrenocorticortrophic hormone from the anterior pituitray. It is stimulated to secrete its hormones by nerve impulses reaching via sympathetic nerve fibres.
10. There is no cooperation between adrenal cortex and sympathetic nervous system. Adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system function as an integrated system called sympatheticoadrenal system.
11. It causes many deficiency/excess disorders. It is not known to cause any disorder.
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