BIOLOGY 1 Marks Question

In both sexes, the abdomen of a cockroach consists of ten segments.

	Simple glands		Compound glands
1.	They contain isolated glandular cells.	1.	They contain a cluster of secretory cells.
2.	They are unicellular.	2.	They are multicellular.
3.	Examples include goblet cells of the alimentary canal.	3.	Examples include salivary glands.

Areolar tissue, blood, and tendons are examples of connective tissues. Neuron is an example of neural tissue.

Malphigian tubules: Malphigian tubules are excretory organs in cockroaches.

Exocrine, endocrine, and salivary glands are examples of simple glandular epithelium. Ligament is a connective tissue.

	Adipose tissue		Blood tissue
1.	It is composed of collagen fibres, elastin fibres, fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipociytes.	1.	In dense irregular connective tissues, fibres are arranged irregularly.
2.	It helps in the synthesis, storage, and metabolism of fats.	2.	It helps in the transportation of food, wastes, gases, and hormones.
3.	Is is present beneath the skin.	3.	It is present in the blood vessels.

The common name of Periplaneta Americana is the American cockroach.

Nephridia are segmentally arranged excretory organs present in earthworms.

Maxilla, mandible, and labrum are mouthparts of a cockroach. Antennae, on the other hand, are present in the head region of cockroaches.

Body wall in earthworms: In earthworms, the body wall consists of muscle layers. It helps in movement and burrowing.

RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are the three most important components of blood. Cartilage is therefore, the odd one out.

Malphigian tubules are main excretory organs of cockroaches. They form a part of the alimentary canal.

Protonema forms the developmental stage in the life cycle of a moss. Mesothorax, metathorax, and coxa are parts or segments present in the legs of a cockroach.

Four pairs of spermathecae are present in earthworms. They are located between sixth and the ninth segments. They help in receiving and storing the spermatozoa during copulation.

Ureters in frogs: A ureter acts as a urinogenital duct, which carries sperms along with urine in male frogs.

1. Osteocytes.
2. Chondrocytes.

Inner side of the first finger.

Hypopharynx acts as a tongue in cockroach and lies within cavity enclosed by the mouthparts.

The skin in frog is richly supplied with blood and provides extensive surface for respiration.

Tracheoles.

Cranial nerves-10 pairs Spinal nerves-9 pairs.

Open Circulatory System.

Tendons	Ligament
These are the dense regular connective tissues, which attach the muscles to bones.	These are the dense regular connective tissues which attach the bones at the joints.

Cardiac muscle has intercalated discs. They allow the cardiac muscle cells to contract as a unit, i.e. when one cell receives the stimulus to contract, all the neighbouring cells are also stimulated to contract.

Stratum spongiosum of dermis.

1. It is present beneath the skin.
2. It serves as a support framework for epithelia.
3. Macrophages, mast cells, fibroblasts.

Yellow elastic fibres and white collagen fibres.

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium.

1. Skin.
2. Bone marrow.

S. No.	Column A	Column B
1.	Secretion and absorption	Columnar epithelium
2.	Protective covering	Stratified epithelium
3.	Linking and supporting framework	Connective tissue

The body segment of earthworm are called metameres.

Biceps.

A tadpole develops into a frog by the process of metamorphosis.

Upper lip-Labrum 10. Lower lip-Labium.

1. Neurons are excitable cells.
2. Neuroglial cells.

Closed Circulatory System.

Ootheca is produced by clitellum. Mature sperms, eggs and nutritive fluid are deposited in it.

In the 6th abdominal segment.

Intercerebral gland cells of the brain.

1. Ommatidia.
2. Phallomeres.

Oothecae are the capsules which enclose fertilised eggs.

Mesenteron.

1. Ileum.
2. Alary muscles.

1. Tegmina.
2. Anal cerci.

Phallic gland; it is in the 6th and 7th abdominal segments.

Muscular layer in the body wall of earthworm is made up of an outer layer of circular muscles and an inner layer of longitudinal muscles.

Collagen and elastin.

1. Simple squamous epithelium.
2. Stratified epithelium.

1. The body fluid is called haemolymph.
2. It consists of plasma and haemocytes.

Origin Ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm Function Protection, secretion and absorption.

Secretion and absorption.

Facilitating diffusion.

1. Periplaneta americana.
2.  

Tendons	Ligament
These are the dense regular connective tissues, which attach the muscles to bones.	These are the dense regular connective tissues which attach the bones at the joints.

3. Ciliated epithelium.

Prostomium is a lobe like structure and it acts as a covering of the mouth. Further the prostomium is used as a wedge while burrowing the soil.

1. It is a ring of hepatic caecae.
2. They secrete the digestive juice.

1. Lung alveoli are lined by simple squamous epithelium.
2. Since cells are flat, they form diffusion boundaries for easy exchange of respiratory gases.

Ligaments are formed of yellow elastic connective tissues. The ligaments join the two adjacent bones.

More than half.

Young cartilage cells: Chondroblasts. Mature cartilage cells: Chondrocytes.

Peristomium.

Adipose tissue.

Secretion, absorption, movement of particles or mucus.

Secretion and absorption.

1. Neuron.
2. Cartilage.

During midnight as they are nocturnal animals.

Setae in earthworm is S-shaped.

In the tracheoles.

In metameric segmentation, the external segmentation corresponds to the internal segmentation of the body.

Thirteen times to play.

They engulf microbes and dead cells therefore, they are called phagocytic cells.

Three, i.e., two auricles and one ventricle.

The first segment of earthworm is called a peristomium and it contains the buccal cavity of the earthworm.

Supra-oesophageal ganglion in the head.

Because the respiratory pigment is absent in their blood.

There is a pair of male genital pore in 18 segment of the earthworm.

The epithelial tissue faces either the body fluid or the outside environment and acts like covering for protection for certain parts of body.

Thyroid gland.

1. Foregut.
2. Crop.

Six segments.

1. Eight.
2. In the sixth abdominal segment.

The earthworms make burrows in the soil of playground. This spoils the ground.

Since development involves nymphal stages, it is called paurometabolous.

Setae help in locomotion of earthworm. (Correct statement)

Pheretima posthuma.

Haemocoel, heart and blood.

Since mosaic vision more often occurs during night, it is called nocturnal vision.

Cuboidal and columnar epithelia.

1. 13 chambers.
2. Ostia.

1. Simple squamous epithelium.
2. Simple columnar epithelium.

It has secretory function.

Smooth muscle fibers taper at both the ends (fusiform) and do not show striations. They are also called involuntary muscles. Muscle Striated skeletal muscle, Non-striated smooth muscles.

Neurons and neurogial cells.

Since the functioning of smooth muscles cannot be directly controlled by our will, they are called involuntary muscles.

Bones, cartilage and blood are the special types of connective tissues.

Spermatophores are the bundles of sperms glued together.

An organ is composed of similar or dissimilar type of tissues and is responsible for a specialised function.

Connective tissues are made of a matrix with cells of different types embedded in it. This works to connect other tissues.

Dorsal- Tergites Ventral- Sternites

The matrix of the bone is tough and contains a protein called ossein which makes it hard. It has mineral deposits of calcium and phosphates.

Ten segments.

Neurosecretory cells are located in hypothalamus. Their function is to secrete neurohormones.

1. Tendon.
2. Ligament.

Dendrite carries neural impulses from one neuron to another neuron.

In earthworm, intestine starts from the 15th segment onwards and continues till the last segment.

Male frogs can be distinguished by the presence of sound producing vocal sacs and copulatory pad on the first digit of forelimb, which are absent in female frogs.

Typhlosole is the part of intestine of earthworm. (Correct statement)

Corpora allata.

The function of cilia is to move mucus or particles or ova in a specific direction.

The body wall of earthworm is covered externally by non-cellular cuticle. Below this is the epidermis, followed by two muscle layers and finally the innermost coelomic epithelium.

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium.

The body of earthworm bears a series of circular grooves called the annuli. The annuli divide the body into 100-120 small parts termed as segments or metameres.

Plasma protein maintains the pH of the blood by neutralising the strong acids and bases, so it acts as acid-base buffers.

Periplaneta americana and Blatta americana.

Bidder's canal is present in the kidney of frog. It communicates with the ureter, which leaves the kidney near its end and opens into the cloaca.

Nephrocytes, urecose glands, fat body.

The median dorsal line is the dorsal blood vessel which runs throughout the length of an earthworm.

Three in thorax and six in abdomen.

The dorsal surface of the body of earthworm is marked by a dark mid dorsal line (dorsal blood vessel) along the longitudinal axis of the body and dorsal pores on the mid dorsal line. The ventral surface is distinguished by the presence of genital pores, genital papillae.

Protection against chemical and mechanical stress.

Male-18th segment; Female-14th segment.

Muscular tissues are made of muscle fibres and help in articulation of limbs and movement of other organs.

Because the frog is a carnivorous animal.

Neuron.

Cockroaches excrete uric acid; the animals excreting uric acid, are known as uricotelic.

Parts of thorax of cockroach to:

• Prothorax.
• Mesothorax.
• Metathorax.

6th and 9th segment.

Layers of the dermis of frog are:

1. The upper stratum spongiosum.
2. The lower stratum compactum.

Bone marrow cavity is present in long bones, such as humerus, femur, etc.

Dense areolar and adipose connective tissue.

Eight.

Swimming, leaping and walking are the modes of locomotion in frog.

Connective tissues are widely distributed in the body of complex animals.

Areolar tissue and adipose tissue.

Male frogs have sound producing vocal sacs.

Shape of tadpole is fish-like. Thyroxine hormone helps the tadpole in its metamorphosis.

White fibrous cartilage.

This epithelium is made up of a single layer of columnar cells but it appears as two layered. Hence, it is named pseudostratified epithelium.

Intercalated discs.

Those cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells, which become specialised for secretion, constitute glandular epithelium.

The clitellum secretes a fluid which on exposure to air gets harden to form an egg case or cocoon.

Neural tissue is made up of nerve cells or neurons. They facilitate conduction of nerve impulses.

Spiracles are the openings through which tracheae open to the outside.

The yellow bone marrow is composed of adipose tissues. It stores fat and produces corpuscles in emergency and is present in the shafts of long bones.

The intercalated discs pass on the signal from one cell to its neighbouring cells; so all the cells contract as a unit.

Fibroblasts secrete the proteins, collagen and elastin.

Ureters in frogs: A ureter acts as a urinogenital duct, which carries sperms along with urine in male frogs.