NEET SECTION - A [BOTANY - MCQ]

C. (i), (ii), (iv) are correct and (iii) is incorrect.
Explanation:
The growth of the leaf is measured in term of surface area.

B. converts energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose to an energy that the cell can use
Explanation:
The main purpose of cellular respiration is to get energy that is utilised for functioning various purposes. Energy from chemical bonds of glucose is transferred to ATP molecules.

B. mesophyll cells of C4 plants.
Explanation:
Chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells of C4 plants are granal and in bundle sheath cells are agranal. So, chloroplasts are dimorphic.

C. Ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate
Explanation:
Ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate

B. chloroplasts, peroxisome and mitochondria
Explanation:
Photorespiration involves a series of reactions which occur in three organelles - chloroplast, peroxisome and mitochondrion.

A. 3 carbon atoms
Explanation:
3 carbon atoms

A. Anaphase II
Explanation:
Meiosis ensures the production of the haploid phase in the life cycle. It involves two sequential cycles of nuclear division called meiosis I and meiosis II.
In meiosis II, during anaphase II, sister chromatids are held together with centromere. During this phase, the splitting of the centromere of each chromosome takes place. It allows moving chromosomes towards the opposite poles.

A. Diplotene
Explanation:
Chiasmata is observed in meiosis during diplotene, sub-stage of Prophase-I of meiosis I. It is the result of crossing over. Each chiasma is the site of genetic crossing over between chromosomes that have paired up (i.e . between bivalents. It is produced by breakage and reunion between any two of the four strands present at each site.

B. national parks
Explanation:
National Park is a protected area, which is strictly reserved for the welfare of the wildlife and where activities like forestry, grazing and cultivation are not permitted. Their boundaries are well marked and circumscribed. In national parks, the emphasis is on the preservation of a single plant or animal species.

A. They allow ex-situ conservation of germ plasm.
Explanation:
A botanical garden is a place where plants are grown and revealed for the purposes of research and education and allows ex situ conservation for germ plasm. Botanical gardens distinguish them from other parks and gardens where plants, with beautiful flowers, are grown for public convenience. Botanical gardens specialize in trees are referred to as arboreta.

A. (A)-(i); (B)-(iv); (C)-(iii); (D)-(ii)
Explanation:
(A)-(i); (B)-(iv); (C)-(iii); (D)-(ii)

D. (i) only
Explanation:
Antibiotics are chemical substances secreted by certain microbes which inhibit the growth and development of other microbes. Most of them are produced by actinomycetes (specially the genus Streptomyces) and filamentous fungi. Some important antibiotics are: tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, etc.

B. Anabaena
Explanation:
Anabaena

D.  A-decomposition by fungus and bacteria; B-decomposition by fungus and earthworm; C-organic rich soil.
Explanation:
A-decomposition by fungus and bacteria; B-decomposition by fungus and earthworm; Corganic rich soil.

D. Pre-reproductive individuals are more then the reproductive individuals.
Explanation:
In a growing population the younger population size is large than the reproductive group.

D. All except (v)
Explanation:
In animals, mitotic cell division is only seen in the diploid somatic cells whereas plant shows the mitotic division in both haploid and diploid cells.

A. Benign tumour
Explanation:
A benign tumour is a mass of cells (tumour) that lacks the ability to invade neighbouring tissue or metastasize. These do not spread into, or invade, nearby tissues; however, they can sometimes be quite large. Common examples of benign tumours include moles and uterine fibroids.

D. Throat cancer, lung cancer, high b.p., emphysema, gastric ulcer
Explanation:
Throat cancer, lung cancer, high b.p., emphysema, gastric ulcer

A.  All of these
Explanation:
The primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus where immature lymphocytes differentiate into antigen-sensitive lymphocytes. After maturation, the lymphocytes migrate to secondary lymphoid organs like the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer's patches of the small intestine and appendix. The secondary lymphoid organs provide the sites for interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen, which then proliferate to become effector cells. There is lymphoid tissue also located within the lining of the major tracts (respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts) called mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). It constitutes about 50 percent of the lymphoid tissue in the human body.

D. Infection
Explanation:
Infection

C. More RER than SER
Explanation:
The RER offers extensive surface on which protein synthesis can be conveniently carried on by ribosomes. The proteins formed on ribosomes pass into the ER lumen where they are modified. Then the modified proteins move into the transitional area, where the ER buds off membranous sacs, the transport vesicles, carrying the proteins to the Golgi apparatus. Here, they are further processed and packaged into secretory vesicles for export by exocytosis at the plasma membrane.

D. Increasing the frequency of unsaturated fatty acyl chains.
Explanation:
The temperature dependence of biological membrane is affected by the lipid composition of the membrane. Low temperatures can cause a membrane to enter a gel-like phase with very high membrane-lipid viscosity, whereas high temperatures can cause a membrane to become 'hyper fluid' with very little viscosity. The greater the proportion of unsaturated carbon - carbon bonds (double-bonds) in a lipid's fatty acid molecules, the easier solidification of it occurs, in cold temperature and thus the lesser the changes in plants membrane at lower temperature.

C. Option (b) is mismatch
Explanation:
Large central vacuoles are characteristics of plant cells.

C. Lactose dehydrogenase
Explanation:
Lactose dehydrogenase

B. Amino acid can be coded by more than one codon
Explanation:
Amino acid can be coded by more than one codon

C. Recessive female chromosome
Explanation:
Recessive female chromosome

A.  Down's syndrome
Explanation:
Down's syndrome

D.  Position of protoxylem
Explanation:
In dicot root the protoxylem is located near the periphery of the vascular cylinder, the metaxylem farther inward i.e., exarch or centripetal. In dicot stem the protoxylem is located near the centre of vascular bundle and metaxylem is located near the periphery i.e., endarch or centrifugal.

D. Closed and scattered
Explanation:
The vascular bundles in Hordeum vulgare (barley) plant are scattered in ground tissues, many in number, and vary in size-smaller towards the periphery and bigger towards the centre of the ground tissue, oval or rounded in outline, conjoint, collateral, and closed.

B. Petiole
Explanation:
In some plants such as Australian acacia, the leaves are small and short-lived. The petioles in these plants expand, become green, and synthesise food.

A. Alstonia
Explanation:
Plants with whorled phyllotaxy have three or more leaves arising from the node. It is found in Alstonia.

B. Exine of pollen grain
Explanation:
The exine exhibits a fascinating array of patterns and designs.

C. Shows a high degree of variability and is evolutionary important
Explanation:
Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anthers of one flower to the stigma of another flower with the help of pollinating agents like wind, insects, etc. Cross-pollination leads to genetic variabilities because of the more chances of mixing of characters and thus, phenotypes and genotypes. Hence, it enriches the gene pool.

A. Brown algae
Explanation:
Iodine is obtained from the members of Brown algae. Brown algae are also known as ribbon seaweeds. They accumulate iodine by obtaining iodide ions from the seawater.

D. Option (iv)
Explanation:
Option(iv)

D. Predominantly gametophyte with sporophyte
Explanation:
Funaria is a bryophyte. In bryophyte, the main plant body is gametophytic in nature. Embryo formed by fertilization grows into a sporophyte. The sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte. It produces haploid meiospores which germinate to produce a gametophyte.

D. Sporophylls
Explanation:
The sporophytes bear sporangia that are subtended by leaf-like appendages called sporophylls. In some cases, sporophylls may form distinct compact structures called strobili or cones.

A. xenogamy
Explanation:
Xenogamy is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of a different plant. This is the only type of pollination which brings genetically different pollen grains to the stigma.

C. A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iii)
Explanation:
Megaspore and antipodal are haploid cells, central cell has two haploid polar nuclei, and megaspore mother cell is diploid.

B. Myristica (jaiphel)
Explanation:
Myristica(jaiphel)

D. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii),(e)-(v)
Explanation:
• Plants commonly show alteration of generation.
• In Deuteromycetes, only asexual or vegetative mode of reproduction is found that is why they are known as imperfect fungi.
• Basidiomycetes do not reproduce asexually however vegetative reproduction, commonly, occurs by fragmentation.
• Ascomycetes reproduce asexually by conidia formation.
• In Phycomycetes mycelium is aseptate and coenocytic.

A. Transfer of some genes from one bacteria to another bacteria through virus 
Explanation:
Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector. When the DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another with the help of a virus or viral vector-like bacteriophage it is known as bacterial transduction.

D. order and genus
Explanation:
Taxonomic hierarchy is the arrangement of various taxa. Carl Linnaeus developed a hierarchical system for organising living organisms in which highest rank was given to kingdom, followed subsequently by phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Species was Linnaeus's least inclusive level of classification and includes all organisms of similar morphologies that can interbreed and produce viable offspring. According to the given hierarchical system, family comes between order and genus.

D.(A) - (iv), (B) - (ii), (C) - (iii), (D) - (i)
Explanation:
(A) - (iv), (B) - (ii), (C) - (iii), (D) - (i)

B. All of these
Explanation:
Solanum, Petunia and Datura are placed in the family Solanaceae which are based on both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species.