Economics 2 Marks Each

The main limitation of poverty line is that it only takes in to account calorie consumption.

• That is why poverty line becomes only starvation line.
• But in reality poverty is measured on economic condition and hunger and physical situation.
• In this calculation they consider only calories and do not measure education, health etc. factors.

Income concept of poverty is traditional measurement.

• The Income decided to purchase primary goods and service or minimum expenses line is called poverty line. Below this line, people are said to poor. Poverty is a state of scarcity.
• In this minimum consumption expenditure required to get minimum calories are considered this concept gives only estimation of poverty it does not show the intensity of poverty.

Atal Pension Scheme,Jeevan Jyoti Scheme, Prime Minister Fasal Bima Yojna and Prime Minister Security Scheme.

Indira Awas Yojna,Rajiv Gandhi Yojna and Prime Minister Awas Yojna.

Prime Minister Rojgar Yojna.

To provide self-employment to poor in non- agricultural season and during flood, drought, scarcity and other natural calamities.

Jawahar Rojgar Yojna and Employment Assistance Scheme.

Development of small scale industries, self-help groups were provided infrastructural facilities, technology loan, and facility of market to final goods to rural poor.

Suvarna Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna.

To encourage poor families for self-employment so that they can get more income than poverty line.

Government frames tax policy in a manner that more tax is imposed to rich class which can afford that tax and less tax is imposed to poor class and is also given tax concession. This helps to reduce inequality of income and poverty.

Increase agricultural productivity, Develop small scale industries, Develop unorganized sector, Use of appropriate tax policy,

Increase human capital investment,

Sale of goods and services at reasonable rate and

Employment programmes.

Animal Husbandry, dairy and fisheries are some of the agricultural allied activities.

Cottage and small scale industries.

In rural India, there exist many problems like poor irrigation facilities, insufficient technology, lack of education and training, low rate of investment, heavy load of population, etc. All these factors result in low agricultural productivity. So income of farmers remains low and poverty increases.

Low agricultural productivity per labour,

Unequal distribution of land and property,

Minimal development of small and cottage industry,

Rapid increases in prices and

High rate of unemployment.

During the British rule, the British did not show any interest in investing money in irrigation project in India. On the other hand repeated drought, zamindari system, high tenancy santh system destroyed economic condition of the farmers. Hence

During a pc. Licuicr period of time, the amount of goods and services produced by one labour is per labour productivity.

Total market value of all the goods and services bought by families during a year divided by the total population of the same year is called per capita consumption expenditure.

The rate of infant mortality depends on availability of health services, mother’s education, vaccination among children and nutrition of food.

The average life expectancy of people in a country is based on nutritive food, cleanliness, pure drinking water and health services.

The average expected life span of a new born baby is called the life expectancy. The number of deaths per thousand new born before reaching the age of one year is called the infant mortality rate.

India’s per capita income is low and there exists a wide spread income disparity. Hence, in spite of rise in agricultural production people with low income are unable to get nutritive food i.e. they suffer from malnutrition.

The condition in which the food taken by individuals lack proper nutrition i.e. the food lacks sufficient calories, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin and minerals is called malnutrition.

It is the amount of income households spend for the consumption of various goods and services. It is calculated on the basis of market price of durable goods like cars, television, refrigerator, washing machine, etc.

Low per capita household consumption expenditure, level of malnutrition, life expectancy and infant mortality rate and medical facilities.

Assam, Odhisa, Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh.

Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tripura, Nagaland and Meghalaya.