Economics 2 Marks Each

Steps taken by the government to take the growth rate of population to desired level is known as population policy.

• For the first time in the world, an attempt is made by India to control population through population policy 2000.

India

To discourage the rising population China has adopted a policy in which if a couple has more than two children than the government withdraws several facilities from that couple.

It was decided to give more focus on preventing unwanted pregnancy by adopting suitable preventive methods rather than giving undue importance to sterilization.

Awareness and mass education related to population control.

A population policy is a policy framed by a country’s government in order to take its population to a level that it feels is optimal.

The Green Revolution in India was a period when agriculture in India increased its yields due to improved agronomic technology. Green Revolution allowed developing countries, like India, to overcome poor agricultural productivity.

Plague, measles, tuberculosis, malaria, etc.

Rise in economic development has led to rise in people’s income which in turn has increased their standard of living. People of our country have now started getting better quality food grains, better housing, health care and education which has led to decrease in death-rate.

In India, poverty, lack of knowledge, social customs and religious beliefs combined with low level of education worked as obstacles to family planning.

The decisions taken regarding the size of family and maintaining gap between two children based on proper understanding i.e. a planned parenthood is called family planning.

The main reasons for high infant mortality rate are poverty, less care given to girl child, lack of nutritional food, frequent abortions among women, age-old practice in the upbringing of a child, inadequate medical facilities, less gap between two children, etc.

Joint family system leads to high birth rate. When a child is born the financial responsibility, as well as the responsibility of raising that child, is shared by all the members of the family. Hence, the child does not become a burden and so people do not hesitate to give births. This increases the overall birth-rate.

Despite laws banning child marriage still it happens in many parts of our country. Since they get married very early, their fertility rate is very high and also very lengthy. This results in the birth of more – number of children.

In India marriage is a religious ritual. The society doubts an unmarried person and raises various questions about his/her singlehood. Many a times to escape from this, a man and a woman marry each other. Marriages then lead to rise in birth of children.

The main reasons for high birth rate are low level of education, preference for male child, low income levels, etc.

Availability of various physical facilities like electricity, schools, colleges, theaters, housing, good roads, transportation, communication facilities, cultural and entertainment activities, facilities for good medical treatment, etc. increases urban population.

Lack of employment opportunities and the existence of widespread disguised unemployment and under employment.

Rise in slums and squalor, improper waste management, pollution, social evils like thefts and loots, less infrastructural facilities like electricity, water, etc.

The rate of rural-urban population is influenced by factors like employment, education, health, social life, quality of life, economic returns, occupation, etc.

Changes in death-rate and fertility rate.

Low status of women, no attention to nutrition, health, education of daughters, dowry system, early marriages, female foeticide and craze for male child.

The number of females and males in the total population of a country in a given year is called female-male ratio.