OCM 1 Marks Each

External factors such as government policy, competition, changes in market scenario, inflation, shortage of raw material, preference of people, change in fashion, etc.

The difference between the planned and actual figures is known as deviation (variance).

By measuring performance we can know whether the processes are performing as per the set standards and control limit or not.

All the function of management must be performed before controlling.

At all level of management.

Planning is closely related with controlling.

Top level management establishes the standard for controlling.

The predetermined standards should be easy to understand and achieve.

When the deviations are very less and negligible then they are acceptable.

he function of controlling is not only to find deviations but rectify it after finding it and increasing the performance of the unit, so controlling is called a positive activity.

If established standards cannot be achieved repeatedly, that means the set standards are very high and so the standards should be brought down.

If there is wide gap between established standards and achieved results then efforts should be put to find out the reasons for such deviations and needful action should be undertaken.

Controlling can be undertaken by oral instruction, physical examination and written regulation.

The work is has to be carried out as per pre-determined standards is the essence of controlling.

According to Peter F. Drucker, “ controlling is to maintain a balance between efforts and result and between resources and objectives.”

It is necessary to measure performance to verify all the activities are carried out as per planning not.

Controlling can be undertaken for qualitative matters.

The officers can delegate authority but cannot delegate acceptability.

Control does the assessment of the work carried out in past. The main objective of control is to make sure the mistakes, losses and wastage happened in past is not repeated in future.

To maintain quality reduce expenses are continually importance activities of controlling.

Control is exercised on materials, people and functions.

After finding out deviations the corrective action are undertaken in controlling.

To verify whether work is carried out as per planning or not is undertaken in controlling.

To achieve objectives various activities are undertaken.