OCM 1 Marks Each

The modern means of communication includes oral and written messages, telephone, fax, internet, mobile phone, sms, telex etc.

Every messege of communication is perceieved with doubt.

Surplus profit of the business is the result of the joint efforts of the workers and owners. So, when a worker get a definite proportion of profit other than their salary in the form of money it is called profit-sharing.

Food is the basic need to sustain the body so, it is the most preferred need according to Maslow’s Hierarchy.

Supervisior’s function is compared as that of a friend, philosopher and guide of the employees.

Direction i.e. the one who directs.

Physiological needs includes food, water, clothing, shelter etc.

Direction means to guide the workers, make them aware of the work, and supervise them and to maintain their enthusiasm for the work.

Time to time evaluation of communication system should be done so as per the changing situation, changes can be made in the system and its tools.

Communication channel should be shorter as much as possible so that the flow of information will not stop and there will not be delay in communication.

When the past experience has shown that it has resulted in adverse consequences and punishment then, keeping that experience in mind, communicate conceals correct information.

Before sending the information, if the order of information is not planned and not clear about which information is to be sent and to whom, in that circumstance communicator give wrong unclear and incomplete information.

Fear, feelings, anger etc. Matters affect the communication.

Audio communication can be done through tape recorder, radio, telephone, telegram. Etc.

Silence communication includes tools like silent agreement, silent disagreement, gesture etc.

Audio-visual communication includes tools like film, television, internet, computers, video-cassette.

The tools of visual written communication include map, pictures, figures, graph, colors, symbols, signs etc.

The tools of written communication newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, advertisement, letter writing, manuscript, e-mail etc.

Oral communication include conversation, discussion, dialogue, talk, lecture, group discussion etc.

Supervisor id the key person between the top level management and the workers.

As per the form there are two types of communications

• Formal
• Informal

Different methods of communication are oral, written, visual, Audio-visual and silence.

Top managers sent the necessary information regarding objectives, policy, methods, procedure and results to the middle and bottom level management.

As per New Mann and Summer, “communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinion or emotions by two or more persons.”

Leadership becomes ineffective and useless if leader and his subordinate’s interests are at variance.

According to Dr.George Terry, “Leadership is the quality of influencing others to work willingly for the realization of specified goal.”

Honoring workers or employees by giving prize boost encouragement, zeal and efficiency of worker.

Employees related to sales are paid financial incentives as per their achievement in the sales, as a part of encouragement. It is called sales commission.

Esteem and status need includes one’s self appraisal, the respect from colleagues or officers, achieving higher position and status, gaining reputation in the society.

Every human being’s mental status is different so, the need of internal inspiration is different in different human beings.

Motivation is the act of stimulating someone or oneself to get the desired course of action.

Financial incentives, non financial incentives, amenities, unsatisfied needs etc. Inspires for motivation.

Safety needs includes physical safety, job safety, safety against risk, regularity of wages etc.

Motivation includes different terms like need, motive, desire, emotion, aim, choice, will-power, eagerness, temptation etc.

The one who does the observation of the work done by the workers and foremen is called supervisor.

Communication includes giving orders and instructions, receiving reports, attending complains and solving them etc.

The process of providing necessary information from bottom level to top level in the form of report is called reporting.

Psychological qualities like pleasant personality, zeal, courage, sense of co-operation, fact, interest in work, affection, patience are included.

A leader is having some in-bore qualities, while some qualities, while some qualities are cultivated. Such a skillful person can only become a leader.

Man always expects love and affection from his family, relatives and society to satisfy his social needs.

A man can take some measures like he takes insurance, opens the saving accounts either in bank or post office to satisfy his safety needs.

Directing reduces the chance of work related mistakes and errors. Therefore it becomes easy to get the work from employees as per decided targets. Thus, it makes controlling function easy.

Directing clarifies the function of employees, their authority and responsibility. Thus, efficiency of workers increases.

Directing is associated with various managerial functions such as planning, organizing, staffing, co-coordinating, communication and controlling.

To get more efficient work from the employee , incentives are given to them.

Direction is provided to the employees regarding functions, procedure and interpretation of policy. This function goes on continuously. Thus, directing is considered as continuous process.

Top level managers direct departmental officers regarding target, policy and administrative matters of the business unit.