BIOLOGY 1 Marks Question

1. Genetic diversity.
2. Genetic diversity.

Genetic Biodiversity.

1. Fungi.
2. Angiosperm.

1. Mammals.
2. Amphibians.

1. Genetic diversity.
2. Ecological diversity.

Gametes of threatened species/seeds of commercially important strains can be preserved, in viable and fertile condition/for long periods.

a - Insects.b - Molluscs.

Over exploitation by humans.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Western Ghats and North East region.

The mangroves represent biodiversity at ecological level. Other examples of ecological diversity are deserts, rainforests, coral reefs, etc.

Areas that protect and maintain ecologically unique and biodiversity rich regions.

North East, North West, Western Ghats and Andman Nicobar islands.

Population, pollution and ecological imbalance will rise up.

Dodo.

Amazonian rainforest in South America.

Edward Wilson.

Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas.

Endemic species are native species restricted to a particular geographical region. Exotic species are species which are introduced from other geographical regions into an area.

Agricultural fields like wheat field or paddy field which are also examples of monoculture practices.

A national park is a protected area reserved for wildlife where human activities are not permitted.

Western Ghats.

Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand) and Kaziranga National Park (Assam).

The Earth Summit.

It can be inferred that Western Ghats have a greater species diversity.

The Earth Summit was held at Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) between 3-14 June, 1992.

Alien species are plants, animals or microorganisms that are transported and established in a new area beyond their natural range.

By creating biosphere reserve.

Edward Wilson.

The variety in the number and richness of the species in a region is called species diversity.
The number of species per unit area is species richness.

It is because this region has a very high level of species richness and endemism.

Non-native powerful species which invade a new area are known as alien species.

The diversity at the species level (types and numbers), is called species diversity.

Keoladeo Ghana bird sanctuary, Bharatpur (Rajasthan) and Periyar sanctuary (Kerala).

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Human activities causing loss of biodiversity in Amazon rainforest are:

1. Many plants are cut for cultivation of soybean.
2. Forests are converted to grasslands for raising beef cattle.

1. Thylacine.
2. Dodo.

India has much of its land in the tropical latitudes and has a number of ecosystems like deserts, mangroves, rain forests, coral reefs, wetlands and estuaries; hence, it has greater ecosystem diversity whereas Norway is located in the temperate latitudes and hence, shows less diversity.

2002.

Rauwolfia vomitoria.

A- insects; they are found in almost all types of habitats.
B- Fishes; they are aquatic, both freshwater and sea water.

Clarias gariepinus (African catfish)

1. Extinct.
2. Critically endangered.
3. Endangered.
4. Vulnerable.
5. Lower risk.
6. Not evaluated.

A biosphere reserve is a specified area in which multiple use of land is permitted by dividing it into several zones and each zone is specified for a particular activity.
Importance:

1. They are a means of conserving genetic resources, species, ecosystems and landscapes without disturbing the local people.
2. It helps in restoration of degraded ecosystems and habitats.

Nile Perch.

Threatened species are those organisms facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future.

International Union of conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Species richness and species evenness are the two measures of species diversity.

Mammals.

Zoological park.

'a'-Fishes.
'b'-Amphibians.

They are exotic species, introduced into India; these alien species have caused environmental damage and posed threat to our native species.

Both are invasive weed species.

1. Listening to the songs of bulbuls.
2. Watching the spring flowers in full bloom.
3. Aesthetic pleasure of walking through the woods.

Amazonian rain forest.

Amazon rainforest.

A hot spot is an area having endangered endemic species with very high levels of species richness.

There are 14 biosphere reserves established in India.

Mangifera.

It indicates extinct species.

Ramsar sites are conserved wetlands which are of international importance.

Dodo.

It is a technique of preserving sperms, eggs, animal cells, tissues and embryos at very low temperature of around -196°C in liquid nitrogen.

The species which are in danger of extinction and whose number have been reduced to a critical level are called endangered species.

Conservation of species outside their natural habitat.

Genetic variation affects the variation in potency and concentration of the drug reserpine in the medicinal plant Rauwolfia.

The occurrence of different types of genes, gene pools, species, habitats and ecosystems in a particular place and various parts of earth is called biodiversity.

The species which are restricted or confined to a particular region are called endemic species.

The collection of seeds of many different genetic strains of commercially important plants, that are kept viable for longer periods in place are called seed banks.

Species diversity is the diversity at the species level while ecological diversity is at the ecosystem level diversity.

Hotspots are the regions with high endemism. The endemic species are mostly rare and its crucial to conserve them. Hence, the areas with high endemism are chosen as hotspots and given high protection.

It was developed in 1971 and came into force from December, 1975.

Western Ghats are biological hotspots because they have high levels of species richness and endemism.

The Nile perch.

Sacred groves.

Habitat loss and fragmentation.

Western Ghats have high levels of species richness.

Red panda, Black buck.

The given pie chart, A is Mammals and B is Amphibians.

1. England.
2. Canada.

The set of all gene in a population of a particular species is called gene pool of that species.

Invasive species in India are weed species like carrot grass (Parthenium), Lantana, water hyacinth (Eichhornia) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).

Frugivorous means fruit eating organisms.

It is the measure of variety in genetic information contained in the organisms.

The mission of Ramsar convention is the conservation and wise use of wetlands through local and national actions and international cooperation and achieve sustainable development of wetlands throughout the globe.

• Zoological parks.
• Botanical gardens.

Viable seeds and gametes.

The Red Data Book is a compilation of data on species threatened with extinction and is maintained by IUCN.

Due to natural calamities like volcanic eruptions, prolonged drought, heavy rains, earthquakes, asteroid collision, etc., a large number of species become extinct which is called mass extinction.

1. Many plants are cut and the land is cleared for cultivation of soyabean.
2. Conversion of forest land into grassland for raising beef cattle.

Dodo and cheetah.

0.1 to 0.2.

Genetic variation in Rauwolfia is shown in terms of potency and concentration of the active chemical, reserpine produced by the plant.

Species likely to disappear sooner or later are called threatened species.Their categories are:

1. Endangered.
2. Vulnerable.
3. Rare.

• Genetic diversity.
• Species diversity.
• Ecological diversity.

90 national parks and 448 wildlife sanctuaries are there in India.

1.  

• Great Indian bustard.
• Kashmir stag.

2. Core zone.

Approximately 2%.