BIOLOGY 1 Marks Question

Darwin's finches of the Galapagos islands had common ancestors but now have different types of modified beaks according to their food habits.

Species can be defined as a group of organisms that can interbreed under natural conditions and produce fertile off springs.

Analogous structures are not anatomically similar/do not have common ancestors and evolving for similar function in the same habitat.

1. First form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules/RNA & Protein.
2. Formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution/formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents.

Homo habilis did not eat meat/vegetarian.
Homo erectus ate meat (meat eater).

16, Mitosis.

Two closely related species competing for same resources, cannot coexist indefinitely (the inferior will be eliminated).

Similar in function/analogous organs, convergent evolution.

Dryopithecus/Ramapithecus.

It indicates gene migration/gene flow/genetic drift/mutation/genetic recombination/natural selection leading to evolution.

Forelimbs of horse/cow/dpg/cat.Wings of bird/bat.
Flippers of dolphins/whale/seal.

Individual with reproductive fitness passes on the useful gene to the next generation.

Individual with reproductive fitness passes on the useful gene to the next generation.

Single step (large) mutation.

Natural selection/survival of fittest/escaped predators due to camouflage.

Similar infunction(fly)/different in structure and origin/analogous organs, convergent evolution.

Louis Pasteur.

Initiator Codon, codes for Methionine.

Convergent evolution.

Mutation (s)/large (heritable) differences arising suddenly in a population/Saltation (single step large mutation).

1. About 15 million, primates called Dryopithecus was more ape-like.
2. About 2 million, Australopithecines lived in East African grasslands.

Spotted cuscus.

Homo habilis.

Coelacanth.

Lemur and Bobcat.

Pelycosaurs and Therapsids.

Ichthyosaurs.

Seed ferns.

Mutation and Natural Selection are the other two factors.

Lamarckism.

Biogenesis states that life originates from pre-existing life.

Charles Darwin.

There will be no organic evolution will occur in such a population.

It is the evolutionary process in which different species starting from a common point in a geographical area radiate to other geographical areas.

Louis Pasteur rejected the theory of spontaneous generation and stated that life originates from pre-existing life.

The change in frequency of alleles indicates evolutionary change.

Origin of life is considered a unique event in history of universe.

Homo habilis.

Development of different functional structures from a common ancestral form is called adaptive radiation.

Fossils are the remains or impressions of ancient organisms preserved in sedimentary rocks or other media.

It demonstrates that pre-existing gene mutation is the basis of adaptation.

The systematic and scientific study of fossils is called paleontology.

It is the evolutionary process by which same structures developed differently due to different needs.

The energy was in the form of electric discharges from electrodes.

When the change in allele frequency is so different that the new sample of population becomes a different species, the original drifted population becomes founders to cause founder effect.

Saltation.

The study of history of life is called evolutionary biology.

Plants.

Biogeography refers to the study of distribution of living organisms in different parts of the earth.

Jawless fish evolved around 350 mya.

Miocene epoch of Coenozoic era.

Complete the statement given below by filling the blank. Archaeopteryx is considered as a connecting link between the reptiles and birds.

Australopithecus.

1. Australopithecines evolved in East African Grasslands.
2. Homo erectus.

Yes, the ancestors are lobefins which are living fossils.

Primrose plant (Oenothera lamarckiana).

First mammal looked like shrew.

Chlorophyta.

Therapsid.

Ramapithecus was more man-like.

Jurassic period.

Bryophytes were the first plant to be appeared on earth.

In the same species or group of organisms, similar type of proteins are found, thus supporting organic evolution.

Flippers of whales and forelimbs of cheetah.

Since, they do not grow in areas that are polluted, lichens are regarded as pollution indicators.

Homo habilis.

Coelacanth, a fish was caught in 1938 in South Africa, which was thought to be extinct. These were lobefins, fish-like animals with stout and strong fins, that lived both in water as well as on land. Their discovery was significant as they proved that amphibians have evolved from fish-like organisms. Lobefins are the ancestors of modern day frogs and salamanders.

Australian spotted cuscus-Lemur. Tasmanian tiger cat-Bob cat.

Seed ferns.

Lazzaro Spallanzani.

Convergent evolution. They are called analogous organs/ structures.

Dinosaurs, dodo, quagga.

2000 million years ago, in aquatic environment.

Eras, period and epoch.

Alfred Wallace.

Panspermia refers to spores.

Life appeared for the first time in sea.

Cycad and dicots.

Louis Pasteur.

Vestigial organs, e.g. tail bone in human babies.

Mutation.

According to this theory, life came from other planets or outer space in the form of units of life called spores.

Wings of birds, flippers of whales, forelimbs of dog cat, wings of bats.

Ichthyosaurs.

According to this theory (of early Greek philosophers) it was believed that units called 'Spores' or 'pansperms came on the earth along with meteorites and they must have evolved into the various life forms.

Archaeopteryx was the first flying reptile (dinosaur). It is considered as a connecting link between reptile and bird.

Those individuals which survive and reproduce in their respective environment are called fit.

The conditions of primitive earth that favoured origin of life are:

1. Reducing atmosphere.
2. Very high temperature.
3. Volcanic storms.

The brain capacity of Homo habilis is 650 - 800 cc and Neanderthal man is 1400 cc.

Amino acids.

According to de-Vries, single step large mutation (saltation) caused evolution.

Big Bang theory states that our earth originated as a result of cataclysmic evolution.

Sugar glider/ Bandicoot/ Koala/ Numbat/ Wombat/ Kangaroo/ Marsupial rat/ Marsupial mole.

Homo habilis.

Age of rock is computed by radioacarbon dating, potassium-argon dating, uranium-lead dating and rubidium-strontium dating method.

Alfred Wallace. He worked in Malay Archepelago.

Fossils are the remnants and/ or impressions of the life-forms that lived in the remote past.

Jurassic period of mesozoic era.

Two key concepts of Darwinism are:

1. Branching descent.
2. Natural selection.

Analogous as these are functionally similar but anatomically different.

Triassic.

2000 million years ago.

Lobefins were ancestors of evolution as their discovery evolved amphibians and fish-like organisms.

Stanley Miller and Urey.

Ramapithecus.

A sudden change in gene frequency by chance alone rather than by natural selection is called genetic drift.

When a section of population migrates, it results in addition of new genes or alleles to one population and their loss to another population. This is called gene migration.

When two species which are closely related show convergent evolution, it is called parallel evolution.

By radiocarbon dating.

Saltation refers to single-step large mutation that results in speciation.

It is the principle which states that gene frequency in a population remains stable and constant from generation to generation.

Pre-existing varations are the most important pre-condition for adaptive radiation.

According to this theory living organisms arose from decaying and rotting matter.

Dryopithecus.

It refers to the similarity of structural design, anatomy and embryology of organs of different groups of plants and animals.

The Big Bang theory.

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey.

Wings of butterfly.

According to Hardy-Weinberg, the disturbance in genetic equilibrium is the result of evolution.

1. Presence of free oxygen in present day atmosphere.
2. Existence of living organisms.

Sometimes the change in allele frequency is so different in the new sample of population that they become a different species. The original drifted population becomes founder and the effect is called founder effect.

Oparin-Haldane theory.

Carboniferous period of paleozoic era.

Mutation.

Oparin and Haldane.

The first mammals were like shrews.

Fossilised life forms had some hard parts which could be preserved between layers of rocks.

Mutations are:

1. Random.
2. Directionless.

Evolutionary Biology is the study of history of life forms on earth.

Greenland rocks.

Spotted cuscus - Lemur
Tasmanian tiger cat - Bobcat

Mutation.