BIOLOGY 1 Marks Question

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bakery Yeast).

Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast is famous as brewer's yeast.
Use: It is used for fermenting malted cereals and fruit juices.

(i) Fungi related to Glomus genus establishes. mycorrhizae with the plants.
(ii) Benefits of fungal symbiosis in mycorrhizae association with plants are:
(a) absorbs phosphorus from the soil and transport it to the plants.
(b) provides resistance to root-borne pathogens.
(c) increases tolerance to salinity and drought.
(d) stimulates overall increase in growth and development of plants.

Trichoderma fungus is used in the treatment and control of many plant diseases and Baculovirus species have narrow and specific spectrum insecticidal properties and destroy insects and arthropods. They have no negative effect on plants and are therefore used to kill harmful insects and conserve beneficial insects to aid in integrated pest mangement programmes.

(a) Biogas or gobas gas. It's main components are methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen etc.
(b) Anoxic decomposition of cellulose.

During biological treatment of sewage, continuously mechanically stirring the sewage in aeration tanks and pumping air into it, the bacteria grow rapidly and form clusters of mesh like structure of bacteria attached to fungal filament, known as flocs. The bacteria rapidly decompose the organic matter present in the sewage and continuously reduce the BOD of the effluent, thereby reducing the amount of pollution in the water.

Trichoderma fungus.

(1) Alcohol (2) Antibiotics.

(1) Yeast (2) Bacteria (3) Fungi.

Baculoviruses are the pathogens that attack on the insects and arthropods.

The technology of biogas production in India was developed the efforts of:
(1) Indian Agricultural Research Institute.
(2) Khadi and Village Industries Commission.

(1) Gange Action Plan (2) Yamuna Action Plan.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

It is used to reduce cholesterol present in the blood.

It is produced from a fungus known as Trichoderma polysporum.

Bottle juice purchased from the market appears clearer and cleaner due to the use of pectinases and proteases.

It was used widely in the treatment of injured American soldier in Second World War.

Ernest Chain and Howard Florey confirmed penicillin as a powerful and effective antibiotic.

Penicillin is obtained from a fungus called Penicillium notatum.

Roquefort cheese get mature due to the growth of a specific fungus which gives off a special aroma.

Traditional beverage Toddy' is prepared by fermenting the secretion of stem of palm tree in some parts of South India.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in the flour used in baking bread.

Lactic acid bacteria