BIOLOGY 1 Marks Question

By production of antibiotics like penicillin, tetracyclin, by production of vaccines for herpes, TB, DPT, etc.

Penicillium notatum and Streptomyces are two species offungus, which are used in the production of the antibiotics.

(A biological organism) That fixes atmospheric nitrogen.

A measure of organic waste matter present in the water, greater the BOD more is its polluting potential.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Methanogens, substrate is excreta/gobar/cellulose/sludge.

Sewage Treatment Plant.

Wine is produced without distillation while whisky is produced by distillation.

Toddy is a traditional drink made by fermenting sap from palms.

Cow dung contains both:

• Cellulosic materials, i.e., the raw material.
• Methanogens, i.e., the microbes needed for production of biogas.

Secondary treatment of waste water is a biological process as it employs the heterotrophic microbes naturally present in the sewage.

 Filtration and Sedimentation.

Chain, Florey and Fleming won the Nobel Prize for the discovery of penicillin in 1945.

Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrients in the soil.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Alexander Fleming, Ernest Chain and Howard Florey.

Swiss cheese.

Bacillus thuringiensis.

The harmful effects of chemical pesticides are:

1. They pollute the soil and water.
2. They kill many useful organisms in the soil.
3. They enter the food chain and cause disease at various trophic levels.
4. They affect the salinity of the soil.

Bacillus thuringiensis.

Penicillin.

The common characteristic is that they produce organic acids as part of their metabolism and are therefore, used for commercial and industrial production of the same.

Baculoviruses.

Aspergillus niger.

Propionibacterium shaynanii.

The rumen of cattle contains methanogens which help in the digestion of cellulose but these bacteria are not present in human stomach so cellulose is not digested.

Streptococcus.

Aspergillus.

The mortality rate would have increased due to no antibiotics.

Ladybird.

Selman Waksman.

Vitamin B₁₂.

Blue green algae are not popular as biofertilisers because they causes algal bloom in polluted water bodies.

Wine.

Bottled fruit juices contain pectinase and protease. Due to their action, bottled juices appear clearer.

Prions are the proteinaceous infectious agents.

Saccharomyces cereviseae.

Biofertilisers increase the soil fertility and reduce the use of chemical fertilisers and in turn, reduce the chances of environmental pollution.

The carbon dioxide (CO₂) released during fermentation is responsible for the rising of dough.

Escherichia coli RY 13.

Biogas comprises a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia.

Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic named penicillin.

Lipase, Amylase.

Statins act by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol. Thereby, reducing the blood cholestrol level.

Cyclosporin A

Nucleopoly hedroviruses are used for the biological control of insect pests.

Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV).

Streptococcus:

• Streptokinase functions as a clot-buster, for removing the clots from the blood vessels of patients who have suffered myocardial infarction.

Azotobacter and Clostridium.