BIOLOGY Case study (4 Marks)

Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Malaria and dengue fever are major mosquito-borne public health problems in tropical countries. The authors report a malaria and dengue co-infection in an 11-year-old boy who presented with sustained fever for 10 days. The physical examination revealed a flushed face, injected conjunctivae and left submandibular lymphadenopathy. His peripheral blood smear showed few ring-form trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum. His blood tests were positive for dengue NS-1 antigen and IgM antibody, and negative for IgG antibody. After the initiation of antimalarial treatment with artesunate and mefloquine, his clinical condition gradually improved. However, he still had low-grade fever that persisted for 6 days. Finally, he recovered well without fluid leakage, shock or severe bleeding.
i. Name the fish that help in eradication of mosquito larvae.
ii. What is the reason of symptoms of malaria?
iii. Name the body parts and host in which following events takes place in life cycle of plasmodium.
a. asexual reproduction
b. sexual reproduction.
OR
Name some vector borne diseases and their vector.

Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
After implantation, finger-like projections appear on the trophoblast called chorionic villi which are surrounded by the uterine tissue and maternal blood. The chorionic villi and uterine tissue become interdigitated with each other and jointly form a structural and functional unit between the developing embryo (foetus) and the maternal body.

i. Name the hormone crucial in parturition. Does the parturition signal originate from the mother or the fetus?(1)
ii. When and where do chorionic villi appear in humans? (1)
iii. Woman has conceived and implantation has occurred. Discuss the impact of progesterone and estrogen. (2)
OR
Fetal ejection reflex leads to parturition. Justify (2)