M.C.Q (1 Marks)

MCQ 11 Mark

The projections of a line segment on x, y and z axes are 12, 4 and 3 respectively. The length and direction cosines of the line segment are:

✓
$13;\frac{12}{13},\frac{4}{13},\frac{3}{13}$
B
$19;\frac{12}{19},\frac{4}{19},\frac{3}{19}$
C
$11;\frac{12}{11},\frac{14}{11},\frac{3}{11}$
D
$\text{None of these}$

Answer

Correct option: A.

$13;\frac{12}{13},\frac{4}{13},\frac{3}{13}$

If a line makes angles $\alpha,\beta$ and $\gamma$ with the axes, then $\cos^2\alpha+\cos^2\beta+\cos^2\gamma=1\dots(1)$

Let r be the length of the line segment. then,

$\text{r}\cos\alpha=12,\text{r}\cos\beta=4,+\cos\gamma=3\dots(2)$

$\Rightarrow\big(\text{r}\cos\alpha\big)^2+\big(\text{r}\cos\beta\big)^2+\big(\text{r}\cos\gamma\big)^2=12^2+4^3+3^2$

$\Rightarrow\text{r}^2\big(\cos^2\alpha+\cos^2\beta+\cos^2\gamma\big)=169$

$\Rightarrow\text{r}^2(1)=169$ [From (1)]

$\Rightarrow\text{r}=\sqrt{169}$

$\Rightarrow\text{r}=\pm13$

$\Rightarrow\text{r}=13$ (Since length cannot be negative)

(Since legth cannot be negative)

Substituting r = 13 in (2), we get

$\cos\alpha=\frac{12}{13},\cos\beta\frac{4}{13},\cos\gamma=\frac{1}{13}$ Thus, the direction cosines of the line are $\frac{12}{13},\frac{4}{13},\frac{1}{13}$

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MCQ 21 Mark

The angle between the straight lines $\frac{\text{x}+1}{2}=\frac{\text{y}-2}{5}=\frac{\text{z}+3}{4}$ and $\frac{\text{x}-1}{1}=\frac{\text{y}+2}{2}=\frac{\text{z}-3}{-3}$ is:

A
45°
B
30°
C
60°
✓
90°

Answer

Correct option: D.

90°

We have
$\frac{\text{x}+1}{2}=\frac{\text{y}-2}{5}=\frac{\text{z}+3}{4}$

$\frac{\text{x}-1}{1}=\frac{\text{y}+2}{2}=\frac{\text{z}-3}{-3}$

The direction of the given lines are propotional to 2, 5, 4 are 1, 2, -3.

The given lines are parallel to the vectors $\vec{\text{b}}_1=2\hat{\text{i}}+5\hat{\text{j}}+4\hat{\text{k}}$ and $\vec{\text{b}}_2=\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}-3\hat{\text{k}}.$

Let $\theta$ be the angle between the given lines.

Now,

$\cos\theta=\frac{\vec{\text{b}}_1.\vec{\text{b}}_2}{\big|\vec{\text{b}}_1\big|\big|\vec{\text{b}}_2\big|}$

$=\frac{\big(2\hat{\text{i}}+5\hat{\text{j}}+4\hat{\text{k}}\big).\big(\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}-3\hat{\text{k}}\big)}{\sqrt{2^2+5^2+4^2}\sqrt{1^2+2^2+(-3)^2}}$

$=\frac{2+10-12}{\sqrt{45}\sqrt{14}}$

$\Rightarrow\theta=90^\circ$

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MCQ 31 Mark

The direction ratios of the line x - y + z - 5 = 0 = x - 3y - 6 are proportional to:

✓
$3,1,-2$
B
$2,-4,1$
C
$\frac{3}{\sqrt{14}},\frac{1}{\sqrt{14}},\frac{-2}{\sqrt{14}}$
D
$\frac{2}{\sqrt{41}},\frac{-4}{\sqrt{41}},\frac{1}{\sqrt{41}}$

Answer

Correct option: A.

$3,1,-2$

We have
x - y + z - 5 = 0 = x - 3y - 6

⇒ x - 3y - 6=0

x - y + z - 5 = 0

⇒ x = 3y + 6 .....(1)

x - y + z - 5 = 0.....(2)

From (1) and (2), we get

3y + 6 - y + z - 5 = 0

⇒ 2y + z + 1 = 0

$\Rightarrow\text{y}=\frac{-\text{z}-1}{2}$

$\text{y}=\frac{\text{x}-6}{3}$ [From (1)]

$\therefore\frac{\text{x}-6}{3}=\text{y}=\frac{-\text{z}-1}{2}$

So, the given equation can be re-witten as

$\frac{\text{x}-6}{3}=\frac{\text{y}}{1}=\frac{\text{z}+1}{-2}$

Hence, the direction ratios the given line are proportional to 3, 1, -2.

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MCQ 41 Mark

If a line makes angle $\frac{\pi}{3}$ and $\frac{\pi}{4}$ with x-axis and y-axis respectively, then the angle made by the line with z-axis is:

A
$\frac{\pi}{2}$
✓
$\frac{\pi}{3}$
C
$\frac{\pi}{4}$
D
$\frac{5\pi}{12}$

Answer

Correct option: B.

$\frac{\pi}{3}$

If a line makes angles $\alpha,\beta$ and $\gamma$ with the axcs, then $\cos2\alpha+\cos2\beta+\cos2\gamma=1.$

Here,

$\alpha=\frac{\pi}{3}$

$\beta=\frac{\pi}{4}$

Now,

$\cos^2\alpha+\cos^2\beta+\cos^2\gamma=1$

$\Rightarrow\cos^2\frac{\pi}{3}+\cos^2\frac{\pi}{4}+\cos^2\gamma=1$

$\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}+\cos^2\gamma=1 $

$\Rightarrow\cos^2\gamma=1-\frac{3}{4}$

$\Rightarrow\cos^2\gamma=\frac{1}{4}$

$\Rightarrow\cos\gamma=\frac{1}{2}$

$\Rightarrow\gamma=\frac{\pi}{3}$

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MCQ 51 Mark

The shortest distance between the lines $\frac{\text{x}-3}{3}=\frac{\text{y}-8}{-1}=\frac{\text{z}-3}{1}$ and, $\frac{\text{x}+3}{-3}=\frac{\text{y}+7}{2}=\frac{\text{z}-6}{4}$ is:

A
$\sqrt{30}$
B
$2\sqrt{30}$
C
$5\sqrt{30}$
✓
$3\sqrt{30}$

Answer

Correct option: D.

$3\sqrt{30}$

We have

$\frac{\text{x}-3}{3}=\frac{\text{y}-8}{-1}=\frac{\text{z}-3}{1}\dots(1)$

$\frac{\text{x}+3}{-3}=\frac{\text{y}+7}{2}=\frac{\text{z}-6}{4}\dots(2)$

We know that line (1) passes through the point (3, 8, 3) and has direction ratios proportional to 3, -1, 1.

Its vector equation is $\vec{\text{r}}=\vec{\text{a}}_1+\lambda\vec{\text{b}}_1,$ where $\vec{\text{a}}_1=3\hat{\text{i}}+8\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{\text{k}}$ and $\vec{\text{b}}_1=3\hat{\text{i}}-\hat{\text{j}}+\hat{\text{k}}.$

Also, line (2) passes through the point (3, -7, 6) and has direction ratios proprtional to -3, 2, 4.

Its vector equation is $\vec{\text{r}}=\vec{\text{a}}_2+\mu\vec{\text{b}}_2,$ where $\vec{\text{a}}_2=-3\hat{\text{i}}-7\hat{\text{j}}+6\hat{\text{k}}$ and $\vec{\text{b}}_2=-3\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}+4\hat{\text{k}}.$

Now,

$\vec{\text{a}}_2-\vec{\text{a}}_1=-6\hat{\text{i}}-15\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{\text{k}}$

$\vec{\text{b}}_1\times\vec{\text{b}}_2=\begin{vmatrix}\hat{\text{i}}&\hat{\text{j}}&\hat{\text{k}}\\3&-1&1\\-3&2&4\end{vmatrix}$

$=-6\hat{\text{i}}-15\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{\text{k}}$

$\Rightarrow\big|\vec{\text{b}}_1\times\vec{\text{b}}_2\big|=\sqrt{(-6)^2+(-15)^2+3^2}$

$=\sqrt{36+225+9}$

$=\sqrt{270}$

$\big(\vec{\text{a}}_2-\vec{\text{a}}_1\big).\big(\vec{\text{b}}_1\times\vec{\text{b}}_2\big)=\big(-6\hat{\text{i}}-15\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{\text{k}}\big).\big(-6\hat{\text{i}}-15\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{\text{k}}\big)$

$=36+225+9$

$=270$

The shortest distance between the lines $\vec{\text{r}}=\vec{\text{a}}_1+\lambda_1$ and $\vec{\text{r}}=\vec{\text{a}}_2+\mu\vec{\text{b}}_2$ is given by

$\text{d}=\Bigg|\frac{\big(\vec{\text{a}}_2-\vec{\text{a}}_1\big).\big(\vec{\text{b}}_1\times\vec{\text{b}}_2\big)}{\big|\vec{\text{b}}_1\times\vec{\text{b}}_2\big|}\Bigg|$

$=\Big|\frac{270}{\sqrt{270}}\Big|$

$=\sqrt{270}$

$=3\sqrt{30}$

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MCQ 61 Mark

The straigth line $\frac{\text{x}-3}{3}=\frac{\text{y}-2}{1}=\frac{\text{z}-1}{0}$ is:

A
parallel to x-axis
B
parallel to y-axis
C
parallel to z-axis
✓
perpendicular to z-axis

Answer

Correct option: D.

perpendicular to z-axis

We have

$\frac{\text{x}-3}{3}=\frac{\text{y}-2}{1}=\frac{\text{z}-1}{0}$

Also, the given line is parallel to the vector $\vec{\text{b}}=3\hat{\text{i}}+\hat{\text{j}}+0\hat{\text{k}}$

Let $\text{x}\hat{\text{i}}+\text{y}\hat{\text{j}}+\text{z}\hat{\text{k}}$ be parpendicular to the given line.

Now,

$3\text{x}+4\text{y}+0\text{z}=0$

It is satisfied by the coordinates of z-axis, i.e. (0, 0, 1).

Hence, the given line is perpendicular to z-axis.

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MCQ 71 Mark

The lines $\frac{\text{x}}{1}=\frac{\text{y}}{2}=\frac{\text{z}}{3}$ and $\frac{\text{x}-1}{-2}=\frac{\text{y}-2}{-4}=\frac{\text{z}-3}{-6}$ are:

✓
Coinicident.
B
Skew.
C
Intersecting.
D
Parallel.

Answer

Correct option: A.

Coinicident.

The equation of the given lines are

$\frac{\text{x}}{1}=\frac{\text{y}}{2}=\frac{\text{z}}{3}\dots(1)$

$\frac{\text{x}-1}{-2}=\frac{\text{y}-2}{-4}=\frac{\text{z}-3}{-6}$

$=\frac{\text{x}-1}{1}=\frac{\text{y}-2}{2}=\frac{\text{z}-3}{3}\dots(2)$

Thus, the two lines are parallel to the vector $\vec{\text{b}}=\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{\text{k}}$ and pass through the points (0, 0, 0) and (1, 2, 3).

Now,

$\big(\vec{\text{a}}_2-\vec{\text{a}}_1\big)\times\vec{\text{b}}=\big(\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{\text{k}}\big)\times\big(\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{\text{k}}\big)$

$=\vec{0}$ $\big[\because\vec{\text{a}}\times\vec{\text{a}}=\vec{0}\big]$

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MCQ 81 Mark

The equation of the line passing through the points $\text{a}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{a}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{a}_3\hat{\text{k}}$ and $\text{b}\hat{\text{i}}+\text{b}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{b}_3\hat{\text{k}}$ is:

A
$\vec{\text{r}}=\big(\text{a}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{a}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{a}_3\hat{\text{k}}\big)+\lambda\big(\text{b}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{b}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{b}_3\hat{\text{k}}\big)$
B
$\vec{\text{r}}=\big(\text{a}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{a}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{a}_3\hat{\text{k}}\big)-\text{t}\big(\text{b}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{b}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{b}_3\hat{\text{k}}\big)$
✓
$\vec{\text{r}}=\text{a}_1(1-\text{t})\hat{\text{i}}+\text{a}_2(1-\text{t})\hat{\text{j}}+\text{a}_3(1-\text{t})\hat{\text{k}}+\text{t}\big(\text{b}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{b}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{b}_3\hat{\text{k}}\big)$
D
$\text{None of these}$

Answer

Correct option: C.

$\vec{\text{r}}=\text{a}_1(1-\text{t})\hat{\text{i}}+\text{a}_2(1-\text{t})\hat{\text{j}}+\text{a}_3(1-\text{t})\hat{\text{k}}+\text{t}\big(\text{b}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{b}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{b}_3\hat{\text{k}}\big)$

Equation of the line passing through the points having position vectors

$\text{a}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{a}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{a}_3\hat{\text{k}}$ and $\text{b}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{b}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{b}_3\hat{\text{k}}$ is:

$\vec{r}=\big(\text{a}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{a}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{a}_3\hat{\text{k}}\big)+\text{t}\big\{\big(\text{b}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{b}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{b}_3\hat{\text{k}}\big)-\big(\text{a}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{a}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{a}_3\hat{\text{k}}\big)\big\},$ where t is a parameter

$=\big(\text{a}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{a}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{a}_3\hat{\text{k}}\big)-\text{t}\big(\text{a}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{a}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{a}_3\hat{\text{k}}\big)+\text{t}\big(\text{b}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{b}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{b}_3\hat{\text{k}}\big)$

$=\text{a}_1(1-\text{t})\hat{\text{i}}+\text{a}_2(1-\text{t})\hat{\text{j}}+\text{a}_3(1-\text{t})\hat{\text{k}}+\text{t}\big(\text{b}_1\hat{\text{i}}+\text{b}_2\hat{\text{j}}+\text{b}_3\hat{\text{k}}\big)$

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MCQ 91 Mark

If a line makes angle $\alpha,\beta$ and $\gamma$ with the axes respectively, then $\cos2\alpha+\cos2\beta+\cos2\gamma=$

A
-2
B
-1
✓
1
D
2

Answer

Correct option: C.

If a line makes angles $\alpha,\beta$ and $\gamma$ with the axes, then

$\cos2\alpha+\cos2\beta+\cos2\gamma=1\dots(1)$

We have

$\cos2\alpha+\cos2\beta+\cos2\gamma$

$=2\cos^2\alpha-1+2\cos^2\beta-1+2\cos^2\gamma-1$ $\big[\because\cos2\theta=2\cos^2\theta-1\big]$

$=2\big(\cos^2\alpha+\cos^2\beta+\cos^2\gamma\big)-3$ [From (1)]

$=2(1)-3$

$=-1$

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MCQ 101 Mark

The lines $\frac{\text{x}}{1}=\frac{\text{y}}{2}=\frac{\text{z}}{3}$ and $\frac{\text{x}-1}{-2}=\frac{\text{y}-2}{-4}=\frac{\text{z}-3}{-6}$ are:

A
Parallel.
B
Intersecting.
C
Skew.
✓
Coincident.

Answer

Correct option: D.

Coincident.

The equations of the given lines are

$\frac{\text{x}}{1}=\frac{\text{y}}{2}=\frac{\text{z}}{3}\dots(1)$

$\frac{\text{x}-1}{-2}=\frac{\text{y}-2}{-4}=\frac{\text{z}-3}{-6}$

$\Rightarrow\frac{\text{x}-1}{1}=\frac{\text{y}-2}{2}=\frac{\text{z}-3}{3}\dots(2)$

Thus, the two lines are parallel to the vector $\vec{\text{b}}=\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{\text{k}}$ and pass through the points (0, 0, 0) and (1, 2, 3).

Now,

$\big(\vec{\text{a}}_2-\vec{\text{a}}_1\big)\times\vec{\text{b}}=\big(\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{\text{k}}\big)\times\big(\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}+3\hat{\text{k}}\big)$

$=\vec{0}$ $\big[\because\vec{\text{a}}\times\vec{\text{a}}=\vec{0}\big]$

Since, the distence between the two parallel lines is 0, the given two lines are coincident lines.

Disclaimar: The answer given in the book is incorrect. This solution is created according to the question given in the book.

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MCQ 111 Mark

The perpendicular distance of the point P(1, 2, 3) from the line $\frac{\text{x}-6}{3}=\frac{\text{y}-7}{2}=\frac{\text{z}-7}{-2}$ is:

✓
7
B
5
C
0
D
None of these

Answer

Correct option: A.

$\frac{\text{x}-6}{3}=\frac{\text{y}-7}{2}=\frac{\text{z}-7}{-2}$

Let point (1, 2, 3) be P and the point through which the line passes be Q(6, 7, 7). Also, the line is parallel to the vector $\vec{\text{b}}=3\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}-2\hat{\text{k}}.$

Now,

$\overrightarrow{\text{PQ}}=5\hat{\text{i}}+5\hat{\text{j}}+4\hat{\text{k}}$

$\therefore\vec{\text{b}}\times\overrightarrow{\text{PQ}} =\begin{vmatrix}\hat{\text{i}}&\hat{\text{j}}&\hat{\text{k}}\\3&2&-2\\5&5&4\end{vmatrix}$

$=18\hat{\text{i}}-22\hat{\text{j}}+5\hat{\text{k}}$

$\Rightarrow\big|\vec{\text{b}}\times\overrightarrow{\text{PQ}}\big|=\sqrt{18^2+(-22)^2+5^2}$

$=\sqrt{324+484+25}$

$=\sqrt{833}$

$\because\text{d}=\frac{\big|\vec{\text{b}}\times\overrightarrow{\text{PQ}}\big|}{\big|\vec{\text{b}}\big|}$

$=\frac{\sqrt{833}}{\sqrt{17}}$

$=\sqrt{49}$

$=7$

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MCQ 121 Mark

The angle between the lines $\frac{\text{x}-1}{1}=\frac{\text{y}-1}{1}=\frac{\text{z}-1}{2}$ and $\frac{\text{x}-1}{-\sqrt{3}-1}=\frac{\text{y}-1}{\sqrt{3}-1}=\frac{\text{z}-1}{4}$ is:

A
$\cos^{-1}\big(\frac{1}{65}\big)$
B
$\frac{\pi}{6}$
✓
$\frac{\pi}{3}$
D
$\frac{\pi}{4}$

Answer

Correct option: C.

$\frac{\pi}{3}$

We have

$\frac{\text{x}-1}{1}=\frac{\text{y}-1}{1}=\frac{\text{z}-1}{2}$

$\frac{\text{x}-1}{-\sqrt{3}-1}=\frac{\text{y}-1}{\sqrt{3}-1}=\frac{\text{z}-1}{4}$

The direction ratios of the given lines are proportional to 1, 1, 2 and $-\sqrt{3}-1,\sqrt{3}-1, 4$

The given lines are parallel to vectors $\vec{\text{b}}_1=\hat{\text{i}}+\hat{\text{j}}+2\hat{\text{k}}$ and $\vec{\text{b}}_2=\big(-\sqrt{3}-1\big)\hat{\text{i}}+\big(\sqrt{3}-1\big)\hat{\text{j}}+4\hat{\text{k}}$

Let $\theta$ be the angle between the given lines.

Now,

$\cos\theta=\frac{\vec{\text{b}}_1.\vec{\text{b}}_2}{\big|\vec{\text{b}}_1\big|\big|\vec{\text{b}}_2\big|}$

$=\frac{\big(\hat{\text{i}}+\hat{\text{j}}+2\hat{\text{k}}\big).\big\{\big(-\sqrt{3}-1\big)\hat{\text{i}}+\big(\sqrt{3}-1\big)\hat{\text{j}}+4\hat{\text{k}}\big\}}{\sqrt{1^2+1^2+1^2}\sqrt{\big(-\sqrt{3}-1\big)^2+\big(\sqrt{3}-1\big)^2+4^2}}$

$=\frac{-\sqrt{3}-1+\sqrt{3}-1+8}{\sqrt{3}\sqrt{24}}$

$=\frac{6}{6\sqrt{2}}$

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$

$\Rightarrow\theta=\frac{\pi}{3}$

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MCQ 131 Mark

If the diraction ratios of a line are proportional to 1, -3, 2, then its diraction cosines are:

✓
$\frac{1}{\sqrt{14}},-\frac{3}{\sqrt{14}},\frac{2}{\sqrt{14}}$
B
$\frac{1}{\sqrt{14}},\frac{2}{\sqrt{14}},\frac{3}{\sqrt{14}}$
C
$-\frac{1}{\sqrt{14}},\frac{3}{\sqrt{14}},\frac{2}{\sqrt{14}}$
D
$-\frac{1}{\sqrt{14}},-\frac{2}{\sqrt{14}},-\frac{3}{\sqrt{14}}$

Answer

Correct option: A.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{14}},-\frac{3}{\sqrt{14}},\frac{2}{\sqrt{14}}$

The diraction ratios of the line are proportional to 1, -3, 2.

$\therefore$ The direction cosines of the line are

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1^2+(-3)^2+2^2}},\frac{-3}{\sqrt{1^2+(-3)^2+2^2}},\frac{2}{\sqrt{1^2+(-3)^2+2^2}}$

$=\frac{1}{\sqrt{14}},-\frac{3}{\sqrt{14}},\frac{2}{\sqrt{14}}$

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MCQ 141 Mark

The direction ratios of the line perprndicular to the lines $\frac{\text{x}-7}{2}=\frac{\text{y}+17}{-3}=\frac{\text{z}-6}{1}$ and, $\frac{\text{x}+5}{1}=\frac{\text{y}+3}{2}=\frac{\text{z}-4}{-2}$ are proportional to:

✓
4, 5, 7
B
4, -5, 7
C
4, -5, -7
D
-4, 5, 7

Answer

Correct option: A.

4, 5, 7

We have

$\frac{\text{x}-7}{2}=\frac{\text{y}+17}{-3}=\frac{\text{z}-6}{1}$

$\frac{\text{x}+5}{1}=\frac{\text{y}+3}{2}=\frac{\text{z}-4}{-2}$

The direction ratios of the given lines are proportional to 2, -3, 1 and 1, 2, -2.

The vectors parallel to the given vectors are $\vec{\text{b}}_1=2\hat{\text{i}}-3\hat{\text{j}}+\hat{\text{k}}$ and $\vec{\text{b}}_2=\hat{\text{i}}+2\hat{\text{j}}-2\hat{\text{k}}.$

Vector perpendicular to the given two lines is

$\vec{\text{b}}=\vec{\text{b}}_1\times\vec{\text{b}}_2$

$=\begin{vmatrix}\hat{\text{i}}&\hat{\text{j}}&\hat{\text{k}}\\2&-3&1\\1&2&-2\end{vmatrix}$

$=4\hat{\text{i}}+5\hat{\text{j}}+7\hat{\text{k}}$

Hence, the direction ration of the line perpendicular to the given two lines are proportional to 4, 5, 7.

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Maths M.C.Q (1 Marks)

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