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Question 11 Mark
Is curdling of milk a physical or chemical change? Justify your statement.
Answer
The curdling of milk is a chemical change because, during this process, milk reacts with acid or bacteria, forming new substances like curd. This change cannot be reversed, which makes it a chemical change.
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Question 21 Mark
Predict the following change can be reversed or not be reversed. If you are not sure, you may write that down. Why are you not sure about these?
Forming of soil from rocks
Answer
Forming of soil from rocks – Cannot be reversed: Soil formation is a slow process and cannot form rock back.
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Question 31 Mark
Predict the following change can be reversed or not be reversed. If you are not sure, you may write that down. Why are you not sure about these?
Rolling up a mat
Answer
Rolling up a mat – Can be reversed: The mat can be unrolled.
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Question 41 Mark
Predict the following change can be reversed or not be reversed. If you are not sure, you may write that down. Why are you not sure about these?
Boiling water in an open pan
Answer
Boiling water in an open pan – Can be reversed: Evaporated water can be obtained back by condensation.
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Question 51 Mark
Predict the following change can be reversed or not be reversed. If you are not sure, you may write that down. Why are you not sure about these?
Ripening of fruits
Answer
Ripening of fruits – Cannot be reversed: Once ripe, fruits cannot go back to unripe.
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Question 61 Mark
Predict the following change can be reversed or not be reversed. If you are not sure, you may write that down. Why are you not sure about these?
Drawing water from a well
Answer
Drawing water from a well – Can be reversed: Water can be returned to the well.
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Question 71 Mark
Predict the following change can be reversed or not be reversed. If you are not sure, you may write that down. Why are you not sure about these?
Grinding wheat grains to flour
Answer
Grinding wheat grains to flour – Cannot be reversed: Flour cannot be turned back into grains.
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Question 81 Mark
Predict the following change can be reversed or not be reversed. If you are not sure, you may write that down. Why are you not sure about these?
Dissolving sugar in water
Answer
Dissolving sugar in water – Can be reversed: Sugar can be recovered by evaporating water.
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Question 91 Mark
Predict the following change can be reversed or not be reversed. If you are not sure, you may write that down. Why are you not sure about these?
Making idlis from a batter
Answer
Making idlis from a batter – Cannot be reversed: The batter cannot be returned to its original form after steaming.
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Question 101 Mark
Predict the following change can be reversed or not be reversed. If you are not sure, you may write that down. Why are you not sure about these?
Twisting of straight string
Answer
Twisting of straight string – Can be reversed: The string can be untwisted.
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Question 111 Mark
Predict the following change can be reversed or not be reversed. If you are not sure, you may write that down. Why are you not sure about these?
Stitching cloth to a shirt
Answer
Stitching cloth to a shirt - cannot be reversed: Once stithed, it is hard to undo without damage.
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Question 121 Mark
Note the changes in shape, size or state : Making pot from mud
Answer
Observation(s) : Shapes and sizes changes
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Question 131 Mark
Note the changes in shape, size or state : Cooking of food
Answer
Observation(s) : Composition, smell and taste changes
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Question 141 Mark
Note the changes in shape, size or state : Rolling small balls of dough into chapatis
Answer
Observation(s) : Shapes and sizes changes
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Question 151 Mark
Note the changes in shape, size or state : Making small balls of dough
Answer
Observation(s) : Shapes and sizes changes
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Question 161 Mark
Note the changes in shape, size or state : Drying wet clothes
Answer
Observation(s) : Water from wet clothes gets evaporated, state of water changes from liquid to gas
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Question 171 Mark
Note the changes in shape, size or state : Burning wood
Answer
Observation(s) : Wood changes to ash (new substance formed), heat and light produced
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Question 181 Mark
Note the changes in shape, size or state : Adding beetroot extract to water
Answer
Observation(s) : Colour of water changes to pink
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Question 191 Mark
Note the changes in shape, size or state : Cutting a piece of paper
Answer
Observation(s) : Shapes and sizes changes
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Question 201 Mark
Note the changes in shape, size or state : Making popcorn from corn
Answer
Observation(s) : Corns get roasted into bigger size popcorns (new substance formed), shape and size changes
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Question 211 Mark
Note the changes in shape, size or state : Boiling water
Answer
Observation(s) : Water changes to water vapour, state changes
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Question 221 Mark
Note the changes in shape, size or state : Chopping vegetables
Answer
Observation(s) : Size and shape changes
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Question 231 Mark
Note the changes in shape, size or state : Melting ice cubes
Answer
Observation(s) : Ice melts to water, state changes
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Question 241 Mark
Name two desirable changes.
Answer
Formation of curd or paneer from milk, decomposition of food waste into compost.
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Question 281 Mark
Define ignition temperature.
Answer
The minimum temperature of a substance at which it catches fire is called its ignition temperature.
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Question 321 Mark
Combustion, cooking, and rusting are chemical changes, justify the statement.
Answer
In all these processes, new substances are being formed.
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Question 331 Mark
What type of change is called in which new substance with new properties is formed?
Answer
Chemical change
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Question 341 Mark
Give two examples for each of the following cases:
(a) Physical changes which are reversible.
(b) Physical changes which are not reversible.
(c) Chemical changes.
Answer
(a) Dissolving sugar in water, folding of paper
(b) Tearing of paper, cutting of wood
(c) Cooking of food, burning of wood
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Question 351 Mark
The gas we use in the kitchen is called liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). In the cylinder it exists as a liquid. When it comes out from the cylinder it becomes a gas (Change-A) then it bums (Change-B). Identify change A and change B.
Answer
(i) Change-A is a physical change.
(ii) Change-B is a chemical change.
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Question 361 Mark
What are combustible substances? Give two examples.
Answer
The substances that undergo combustion reaction are called combustible substances. For example, paper, kerosene.
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Question 371 Mark
List conditions under which combustion can take place.
Answer
Conditions necessary for combustion are:
1. Presence of a combustible substance.
2. Attainment of ignition temperature.
3. Proper supply of air to provide oxygen.
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Question 381 Mark
What is chemical change?
Answer
A change in which one or more new substances are formed is called chemical change. A chemical change is caused by a chemical reaction. For example, formation of curd from milk, burning of paper, etc.
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Question 391 Mark
What are physical properties?
Answer
The properties such as shape, size, colour and state of a substance, that can be observed are called physical properties.
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Question 421 Mark
Define the term bioluminescence.
Answer
Some insects like fireflies emit light in late evenings, which is produced by a chemical change. This type of light production (without heat) in living organisms is called bioluminescence.
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Question 431 Mark
Define combustion.
Answer
A chemical reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen and produces heat and/ or light is called combustion.
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Question 441 Mark
What happens when carbon dioxide is passed through lime water? Write the equation of the reaction.
Answer
Lime water becomes milky due to formation of calcium carbonate.
$\begin{array}{c}\text { Lime water } \\ (\text { Calcium hydroxide })\end{array}+\begin{array}{c}\text { Carbon  dioxide }\end{array} \rightarrow \begin{array}{c}\text { Calcium carbonate } \\ \text { (insoluble substance)}\end{array}$ 
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Question 471 Mark
Melting of wax is a change where a solid changes to liquid state. Give one more such change which you observe in your surroundings.
Answer
Melting of ice cubes or melting of ice cream.
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Question 481 Mark
If you cut off a paper into various pieces, is there any change in the property of the paper?
Answer
No, there is no change in the chemical property of paper.
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Question 491 Mark
What are the two main kinds of changes?
Answer
There are two kinds of changes:
(i) Physical changes
(ii) Chemical changes
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Question 501 Mark
Changes listed in A, B and C are as follows :
A. Creating some objects with paper: When we create different objects like aeroplane, boat, bird, etc. by folding a sheet of paper, only shape and size changes. We can get back the original sheet by unfolding it again.
B. Playing with a balloon: When we loosen the grip of the inflated balloon we get the original shape of balloon back, and we can inflate it again but when we prick the inflated balloon with a pin, it gets deflated with a hole in it, so we cannot able to inflate it again.
C. Crushing a piece of chalk: When we crushed a piece of chalk to powder form, we cannot can get back the original piece of a chalk.
Answer
Observation and conclusion: In all these types of changes, material (piece of paper, balloon, chalk) remains the same but their size and shape changes only. Thus, these are examples of physical changes.
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Question 511 Mark
What is combustion?
Answer
Combustion is a chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and/or light.
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Question 521 Mark
Can a chemical change be reversed? Give an example.
Answer
No, a chemical change is generally not easily reversible.
Example, burning paper cannot be turned back into its original form.
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Question 531 Mark
What happens when you heat water in an open pan?
Answer
When you heat water in an open pan, it boils and turns into steam.
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Question 541 Mark
Give an example of a chemical change in daily life.
Answer
When you cook an egg, the heat causes the proteins in the egg to change their structure, resulting in a different texture and appearance. You cannot reverse this process to get back the raw egg.
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Question 551 Mark
What happens when magnesium is burnt in air?
Answer
Magnesium, when burnt in air, produces a substance called magnesium oxide.
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Question 561 Mark
What is the significance of the turning of lime water milky during a chemical reaction?
Answer
The turning of lime water milky indicates the presence of carbon dioxide, which confirms a chemical reaction has taken place.
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Question 571 Mark
How can you test the presence of carbon dioxide?
Answer
To test for the presence of carbon dioxide gas, we can pass the gas through lime water. If carbon dioxide is present, the lime water will turn milky.
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