Social Science [2 Marks Each] QUE-ANS

During the time of the fall of Mughal empire, India was divided into smaller states in the absence of a powerful ruler. These included the weak rulers of Mughal dynasty, Nizam of Hyderabad, the Nawabs of Bengal and Bihar, the Rajp t states of Rajasthan, the Maratha, the Sikh state of Punjab, etc.

In Mughal period, Saint Eknath, Saint Gyaneshwar, Saint Namdev and Swami Ramdas in Marathi, Saint Chaitanya in Bengali and Narsinh Mehta in Gujarati composed devotional songs.

Abul Fazl has written biography of Akbar namely, 'Akbarnama'. He translated the Mahabharata in Persian language. (Abul Fazl wrote a historical text 'Aine Akbari' in Persian language.)

During Mughal era, the extensive literature was created in Persian, Arabic, Hindi and other Indian languages.

There were great painters named Jaswant and Basavan in Akbar's court. They painted beautiful pictures in Persian stories, books of translation of Mahabharata and Akbarnama

Veer Durgadas Rathod was the son of Ashkaran Rathod, the minister of ruler Jaswant Singh

In 1576 AD, after defeating Haldighati, Rana Pratap took his capital to Gogunda and continued fighting till the end of his life. Later on, he took his capital to Chawand of Dungarpur.

The kingdom of Aurangzeb consisted of the Kashmir in the North to Jinji in the South and from Chittagong in the East to Hindukush mountain range in the West.

Aurangzeb killed one of his brothers Dara Shikoh, Imprisoned his second brother Murad and defeated his third brother Sujan and sent him to exile. Thus, Aurangzeb removed his all three brothers from his struggle for power and seized power on the throne of Delhi.

Akbar opposed child marriages and Sati. He abolished pilgrim taxes and banned forced religious conversions. Thus, it can be said that Akbar was a social reformer.

Akbar brought together the best elements of all religions and established a sect called 'Din-e-Ilahi'. He translated the great texts like Ramayana, Mahabharata, Atharva Ved, Panchatantra, Bible and Quran into Persian language. Thus, it can be said that Akbar was a secular king.

Akbar started social relations with the Rajputs by adopting a liberal policy towards the Hindus. He appointed the Rajputs to the high positions in the army.