[Old] Social science 1 Marks Each

The process where in land, water , air etc. Which are necessary components for life , are degraded is called “ Pollution”.

That part of the lithosphere , hydrosphere and atmosphere where the living world exists is called “ Biosphere “ This is one of the important spheres on Earth as this is the only planet in the solar system that has the biosphere Biosphere includes human beings , animals vegetation and minute insects.

Human activities like intense mining for minerals , underground nuclear , deep drilling to obtain mineral oil and tube wells etc. affect the lithosphere adversely.

There are two main divisions of biosphere : Living and Non Living . The biotic division includes human being , vegetation, animals and minute insects. The lithosphere , hydrosphere , and atmosphere are included in the abiotic division.

Sound is heard only in the presence of atmosphere Radio ane television transmissions are possible only due to atmosphere .

Dust Particles in the atmosphere spread sunlight in all directions, It is due to these particles that it does not suddenly turn dark after sunset and neither does it suddenly turn bright after sunrise.

The process of cooling of vapour is called “ Condensation “ Various forms of moisture like dew, fog, clouds and precipitation, etc. are seen due to condensation.

Ozone gas is found in greater proportion in the morning in open grounds and in the air near the sea.

Ozone gas absorbs ultra – violet sunrays and saves the biosphere on Earth from their harmful effects.

Atmosphere is composed of gases like nitrogen , oxygen , carbon dioxide , hydrogen , ozone , etc.

Atmosphere is made up of various gases , water vapour , dust particles , salt particles , smoke , micro – organisms etc.

There are four oceans on Earth : They are the Pacific , the Atlantic , the Indian and the Arctic oceans.

There are many gases present in the interior of the Earth which rise up with pressure and heat . But the pressure of rocks on the surface of the Earth is equally strong , Thus a balance is maintained between the two annd the crust of the earth does not break.

Molten rocks in the interiors of Earth are known as “ Magma”.

Among all the members of the solar system. Only Earth has got suitable temperature, air and water required to sustain life.