Science M.C.Q. [I MARKS]

Coke, coal gas, coal tar and ammonium compounds.

Explosion

Inexhaustible resources are the resource that is present unlimited in nature. Wind is considered as renewable and inexhaustible source of energy because it has an endless supply. Coal, petrol and diesel are considered as an exhaustible resource because of its finite quantity in existence.

Spontaneous combustion.

Col

Coke is a tough, porous and black substance. It is almost pure form of carbon. It is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals. It is used in the manufacture of steel and in the extraction of many metals.

Boiling points

Water has the highest boiling point.

Petroleum occurs deep under the surface of earth between two layers of impervious rocks. Petroleum is lighter than water, so it floats over water. Petroleum oil deposits are usually found mixed with water, salt and earth particles. Petroleum does not find in all place of the earth. It is found only in certain areas of the earth. Natural gas found above the petroleum oil trapped under the rocks.

Carbonisation

Exhaustible natural resources are present in limited quantity in nature and can be exhausted by human activities. Note: coal, petroleum and natural gas, minerals, forest and wildlife, etc. Are exhaustible natural resources.

Natural Gas

Have low ignition temperature

Coal tar, obtained from coal, is used in the manufacturing of perfumes.

Petroleum has less density than water so it floats on water. It is insoluble in water because petroleum is non-polar while water is polar.

Coke

Coke is a tough, porous, black substance. It is almost a pure form of carbon and used in the manufacture of steel.

Ensure proper maintenance of the vehicle.

Kerosene

Coal

Coal is form by a process called carbonization. In this process dead vegetation such as trees and plants get converted into coal under conditions of high temperature and pressure, deep under the Earths crust.

Gasoline is one of the products obtained during the fractional distillation of petroleum. Gasoline works as petrol. Hence, it is used as fuel in vehicles.

Crude oil

Petrol is used as motor fuel, aviation fuel and solvent for dry cleaning.

The process through which coal is formed is called carbonization. It is a slow process during which the dead vegetation such as trees and plants are converted into coal under very high temperature and pressure.

Petrol will float on the water.

Anthracite

Petroleum was formed by the decomposition of the remains of tiny plants and animals buried under the sea millions of years ago.

Coal tar is a black, thick liquid with unpleasant smell. Naphthalene balls are used to repel moths and other insects, and are also obtained from coal tar. Other products that are obtained from coal tar are synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, perfumes, plastics, paints, photographic materials, roofing materials, etc.

Coal, coke, coal tar

Water

All the above

Hydrogen gas

Fly ash is a fine powder formed when large amount of coal is burnt in sufficient quantity of air in places like thermal power stations etc. The ash is carried by atmospheric air due to strong current of air in the furnace, Hence, this ash is called fly ash. It causes respiratory problems when inhaled by man.

Petroleum is a fossil fuel as it is obtained by the decomposition of the remains of plants and animals under the sea over millions of years.

Anthracite

Carbon monoxide

Charcoal

Coke is almost a pure form of carbon, it is a good fuel and burns without smoke. While coal is an impure form of carbon and burns releasing smoke.

Petroleum.

Coal

Carbon dioxide

Liquefied Petroleum Gas.

Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, plant material, green waste or food waste. It is a renewable source of energy. Natural gas, coal gas and petroleum gas are fossil fuels and are nonrenewable sources of energy.

Dark zone

Acetylene is a liquid fuel.

Natural gas is called a clean fuel because it burns without producing any smoke and does not cause air pollution. In fact, natural gas is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas. It becomes easier to store, transport and use natural gas in the form of cng.

Petrol

Petrol is not only used as a motor and aviation fuel but also as a solvent for dry cleaning.

Paraffin wax

All of these

Fuels can be classified on the basis of their physical state like solid, liquid and gas. Alcohol is an example of liquid fuel.

Oxygen

Coke

Assam

Petroleum jelly

The most common sources of energy used in automobiles are petroleum and diesel.

Naphthalene balls are used to repel moths and other insects (in stored clothes, etc).

All the above

Coal is used to make coke, not coca-cola. Coke is an almost pure form of carbon. Coal is important because it can be used as a source of heat energy. Coke is a porous and tough, black solid substance. Coke is prepared by heating coal in the absence of air. Coke is used in the manufacturing of “steel”. Although, coke burns without producing any smoke whereas coal produces a lot of smoke on burning.

Coke is obtained from coal, a fossil fuel.

Lignite

Carbon dioxide and water are produced.

Vadodara

\In fractional distillation of petroleum, the vapours with the highest boiling point cannot move up in the fractionating column, (as they have low vapour pressure). So, the liquids with high boiling points condense in the lowest (tray) portion of the fractionating tower.

Paraffin wax

C.  Kerosene

Moth repellant

Increased use of fossil fuel.

Shore mining

In fractional distillation of petroleum, hydrocarbon with highest boiling point condenses first. Paraffin wax is obtained by fractional distillation of crude oil or petroleum.

Charcoal is mostly pure carbon which is made by cooking wood in a low oxygen environment. This process can take days and burns off volatile compounds such as water, methane, hydrogen, and tar.
Petrol, coke and coal are fossil fuels which are formed from the dead remains of living organisms or fossils.

Sacking of soot particles from incomplete combustion.

Natural substance.

Bitumen is a constituent of petroleum which is obtained as a residue from the distillation of crude oil and can be used as a substitute of coal tar in metalling the roads.

Fractional distillation is a method of separation of liquid substances based on their different boiling points.

Petroleum is not an inexhaustible resource. The reserves of petroleum on Earth are limited; therefore it is an exhaustible resource.

Nitrogenous fertilizers

Coal gas, coal tar and coke are called products of coal. These products are obtained when coal is heated in the absence of air. This is because if coal is heated in the presence of air, then coal burns to produce mainly carbon dioxide gas and no other useful products obtained. The strong heating of coal in the absence of air is called destructive distillation of coal. And coal gas is a gaseous fuel which is obtained by the strong heating of coal in the absence of air during the process of coal to get coke.

Paraffin wax

Resources which are present in unlimited quantity in nature are called exhaustible natural resources.

All the above.

Naphthalene balls are used to repel moths and other insects (in stored clothes, etc).

Coal

Forests, wildlife, minerals are examples Exhaustible resources.

Hydrocarbons

Carbon dioxide is formed.

Exhaustible natural resources.

Coal tar

Wildlife and minerals are exhaustible natural resources because these resources are present in a limited quantity in nature and can be exhausted by human activities.

Usually petroleum and natural gas occur at the same place. Petroleum occurs as liquid, whereas natural gas is in the gaseous state above petroleum.

Fossil fuels are obtained from the remains of living organisms (plants and animals) buried under the earth millions of years ago. Note: coal, petroleum and natural gas are fossil fuels.

All of these.

Exhaustible natural resources are present in a limited quantity in nature and can be exhausted by human activities.
Note Coal, petroleum, natural gas, minerals, forests and wildlife, etc are exhaustible natural resources.

The constituent of petroleum that is used in paints and road surfacing is Bitumen.

All the above.

When dead plants and animals get buried deep under the earth, they get decomposed by the action of anaerobic bacteria. Hydrogen and oxygen escape as gases leaving behind carbon. As years pass, layers of carbon atoms are added one above the other forming a stony substance called coal, this process is called carbonization.

Coal is formed by the decomposition of large land plants and trees buried under the earth about 300 million years ago.

Carbonisation is the process by which plant material or vegetation buried deep under the earth was slowly converted into coal. Since, coal was formed from the remains of vegetation, it is also known as fossil fuel.

All of these

Methane

Bitumen

oxygen in air is an exhaustible natural resource. The natural resources which are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities are called inexhaustible natural resources. Examples of inexhaustible natural resources are: sunlight, air, water. They last forever. The resources which are present in a limited quantity in nature and can be exhausted by human activities are called exhaustible natural resources. The example of exhaustible natural resources is coal, petroleum and natural gas, mineral, forest and wildlife etc. They do not last forever.

Petroleum is a thick, black colored, viscous liquid which is a rich source of different, useful and expensive products like kerosene, petrol, diesel etc., as gold, hence it is called as black gold.

All the above.

Black gold

Fossil fuels are obtained from the remains of living organisms (plants and animals) buried under the earth millions of years ago.
Note Coal, petroleum and natural gas are fossil fuels.

Coal tar is used as a starting material for manufacturing various substances like synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, perfumes, plastics, paints, photographic materials, roofing materials, etc.

Coal

Order of boiling points of different components of petroleum are as follows: Petroleum gas < Gasoline < Kerosene < Lubricating oil The component having lowest boiling point i.e., highly volatile (difficult to condense) will be obtained at the top of the fractionating column and the component having higher boiling point i.e., less volatile (tends to condense more easily) will be obtained at the bottom of the column.

Petroleum Conservation Research Association.

In oil wells, the layers containing petroleum oil and gas are above that of water, because oil and gas are lighter than water and do not mix with it.

Exhaustible natural resources are those resources in nature whose amount is limited and can be exhausted by human activities. Coal and minerals are found in limited quantities and their amount is depleting. They cannot be replenished. Therefore, coal and minerals are exhaustible natural resources.

Natural gas is a fossil fuel other than coal and petroleum. Petroleum can be extracted with giant drilling machines. The layer containing petroleum oil and natural gas is above that of water.

Fossil fuels

Coke is prepared by heating coal in the absence of air. Coke is mainly used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals. Such as iron, zinc etc. Coke is used in the manufacturing of steel.

Sunlight, air and water are inexhaustible natural resources that means which cannot be exhausted by human activities.

Carbon

Kerosene is mainly gused as a fuel in jet engines.

Producer gas is not a good fuel because it contains nitrogen which does not burn.

Coke, coal tar, and coal gas are products of destructive distillation of coal. During the processing of coal to obtain coke, coal gas and coal tar are obtained as by-products.

All the above

Paraffin wax

Kilojoule per kilogram

Renewable Resources

Coke is a form of carbon and is used for metal extraction. A metal below carbon in the reactivity series (zinc to silver) may be extracted from its oxide ore by heating the ore with carbon. Coke is used because it is cheap and readily available. This form of extraction is less expensive than methods like electrolysis.

Black Gold.

Carbon dioxide

Bitumen

Compressed Natural Gas.

Producer gas - Carbon monoxide + Nitrogen

Water

Covering the person with a woolen blanket.

It produces carbon dioxide gas on burning.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas.

All the above

Coke

All the above.

Exhaustible Natural Resources.

Coal is a natural resource. Coal is found in limited quantities and its amount is depleting. It cannot be replenished and therefore coal is an exhaustible natural resource.

Diesel

Many useful substances are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. These are termed as ‘Petrochemicals’. Due to its great commercial importance, petroleum is also called ‘black gold’.

Inexhaustible resources have an endless supply. Coal has limited reserves and is a depleting resource. Coal and petroleum were formed from the degradation of biomassmillions of years ago and hence these resources will be exhausted in future no matter how carefully we use them.

Coal tar

In the oil wells along with petroleum, natural gas also exists. It comes out first when an oil well is drilled through rocks.

Crude petroleum after fractional distillation produces chemical products called petrochemicals. These petrochemicals are organic compounds (carbon based compounds) of either long-chain polymers or cyclic structures. Polyethene, detergents, and fibres are all organic compounds. These products are among the many products derived from petrochemicals.

All of the above.

Petroleum is refined by the process of fractional distillation as the constituents of petroleum products are in the liquid state and differ in their boiling points.

Petroleum Conservation Research Association.

Natural gas is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas.
Note: It is easy to transport natural gas through pipes and it can be used directly for burning in homes where it can be supplied through pipes. Natural gas is used for power generation.

Petroleum Conservation Research Association.

Coke is a tough, porous and black substance. It is almost a pure form of carbon. It is used in the manufacture of steel and also in the extraction of many metals.

Petrochemicals are also called petroleum distillates. These are chemical compounds derived from petroleum and natural gas. Products such as gasoline, fertilisers, cosmetics, etc. are products made from or with the aid of petrochemicals. One cannot imagine life without petrochemicals.

Parks

Petroleum can be extracted from under the sea bed. It can be extracted with giant drilling machines. The layer containing petroleum oil and gas is above that of water.

Methane and hydrogen.

Lime

Coal is formed by the carbonisation Of dead vegetation.

Bituminous

Sunlight, air and water are inexhaustible natural resources that means which cannot be exhausted by human activities.

Butane

Partially burnt carbon particles.

Coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc. are fossil fuels. These are formed from the remains of dead organisms that were buried under the Earths crust over millions of years ago. Hence, statement I is correct. Fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources because these are found in limited amounts. Excess use of fossil fuels causes global warming and depletion of these resources. Hence, statement II is correct. Earthquake is a natural phenomenon that is caused by the movement of tectonic plates under the Earth?s crust. It is not caused by excess use/ burning of fossil fuels. Hence, statement III is incorrect.

Coke is a pure form or allotrope of carbon. It is used in the manufacture of steel, as a fuel and as a reducing agent in extraction of various metals. Steel is an alloy of carbon and iron. Presence of carbon in the steel makes it harder and more durable than pure iron.a

Boiling points

Blue

None of the above.