5 Marks Each

Question 15 Marks

Which industry is mainly known as the backbone of modern industry$?$ Why$ ?$

Answer

The iron-steel industry is mainly known as the backbone of modern industry, because ...
$(1) $ Almost all the goods needed by us are made either of steel or from the machines and implements made from steel.
$(2)$ Ships, railway trains, vehicles other means of transportation, etc. are made from iron-steel.
$(3)$ The tools ranging from a small needle, safety pin or a pin to giant machines are made from iron-steel.
$(4)$ Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery.
$(5)$ The petroleum products are transported through the pipelines made from the steel.
$(6)$ The minerals from the land are mined with steel equipment.
$(7)$ The farm implements are mostly made of steel.
$(8)$ The structure of large buildings is made of steel.
$(9)$ The weapons and materials for defence are made from iron steel. Besides, the development of many other industries also depends on iron-steel industry.
Thus, these reasons prove the iron-steel industry as the spine-backbone of modern industries.

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Question 25 Marks

Write a short note on Iron-steel industry.

Answer

Iron-steel industry is considered to be a key industry Here machines and various parts of the machine are manufactures from its production, which are used by other industries.Large capital, iron ore. coal, manganese, limestone, etc. should be available in abundant quantity. Besides, adequate labourers. skilled workers. facilities of transportation and other infrastructural facilities should be available.The process of making steel from the iron ore involves many stages. First of all. the iron ore is smelted in the blast furnace (kiln). After that it is purified and steel is obtained from it. Steel is solid (tough) but can be easily cut. shaped or made into wires. Moreover, alloys can be made by mixing some amount of other metals like aluminium, nickel, copper in steel. Alloys give steel unusual hardness, toughness and ability to resist rust.Steel is considered to be the backbone of modern industries. Many things which we use are made from either steel or from the implements and machines made of steel. Ships, railway trains, vehicles and means of other transportation or making of equipment ranging from needles. safety pins, or pins to the large machines are also made from iron-steel. The drilling of mineral oil wells is done by the machines made from steel. The petroleum products are transported through the pipelines made from the iron-steel. The minerals are mined from the interior of the earth by the equipment made from steel. The farm implements are mostly made of steel. Structure of huge buildings is made of steel. The defence weapons are also made of steel.Before $1800\ AD, $ the iron-steel industry had developed in the areas where the iron ore, electricity and adequate water were easily available. After that, it had developed near the areas of major coal centres and where the facility of waterways and railways was easily available. After $1950\ AD,$ the iron-steel industry began to centralise near the ports and in large areas of level land, because the industry begun on a large scale and the iron ore for it had to be imported from abroad.

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Question 35 Marks

Give a detailed information about Iron steel industry.

Answer

Iron-steel industry is considered to be a key industry Here machines and various parts of the machine are manufactures from its production, which are used by other industries.Large capital, iron ore. coal, manganese, limestone, etc. should be available in abundant quantity. Besides, adequate labourers. skilled workers. facilities of transportation and other infrastructural facilities should be available.The process of making steel from the iron ore involves many stages. First of all. the iron ore is smelted in the blast furnace (kiln). After that it is purified and steel is obtained from it. Steel is solid (tough) but can be easily cut. shaped or made into wires. Moreover, alloys can be made by mixing some amount of other metals like aluminium, nickel, copper in steel. Alloys give steel unusual hardness, toughness and ability to resist rust.Steel is considered to be the backbone of modern industries. Many things which we use are made from either steel or from the implements and machines made of steel. Ships, railway trains, vehicles and means of other transportation or making of equipment ranging from needles. safety pins, or pins to the large machines are also made from iron-steel. The drilling of mineral oil wells is done by the machines made from steel. The petroleum products are transported through the pipelines made from the iron-steel. The minerals are mined from the interior of the earth by the equipment made from steel. The farm implements are mostly made of steel. Structure of huge buildings is made of steel. The defence weapons are also made of steel.Before $1800\ AD$, the iron-steel industry had developed in the areas where the iron ore, electricity and adequate water were easily available. After that, it had developed near the areas of major coal centres and where the facility of waterways and railways was easily available. After $1950\ AD,$ the iron-steel industry began to centralise near the ports and in large areas of level land, because the industry begun on a large scale and the iron ore for it had to be imported from abroad.

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Question 45 Marks

Describe the classification of industries.

Answer

The classification of industries is done on these types
$(i)$ Industries based on natural resources,
$(iii)$ Industries based on the sources of raw material,
$(iii)$ Industries on the basis of ownership and
$(iv)$ Size-based industries
$(i)$ Industries based on natural resources:In these industries, animal husbandry, dairy industry. meat industry. woollen industry.fisheries forestry, poultry farming silk-worm breeding, breeding of honey bees, industries depending on mechanization. etc are included.
$(ii)$ Industries based on the sources of raw materials:
$1.$ Agro-based industries: The raw material for these industries is obtained from agriculture products. Food grains industry, manufacturing of cotton cloth. silk cloth, jute (linen) cloth paper sugar, edible oil, etc. are agro-based industries.
$2.$ Animal-based industries: Milk and its by products industry, ineat industry, leather industry. etc. are animal-based industries.
$3.$ Marine-based industries: The fishprocessing industry and the industries using minerals obtained from the oceans are included in these industries.
$4.$ Forest-based industries: Paper industry. papier-mache industry, pharmaceutical (medicines). furniture and building construction industry, etc are included in these industries.
$5.$ Mineral-based industries: Iron-steel Industry, copper smelting industry, cement industry, chemical industry, aluminium smelting industry, etc. are included in these industries.
$(iii)$ On the basis of ownership, the industries can be grouped into public, private. co-operative and joint sector industries.
$1.$ Public Sector: In this group of industries. the ownership and the administration are both in the hands of the Government. e.g.. Hindustan Aeronautical Limited and Steel Authority of India Limited $(SAIL)$.
$2.$ Private Sector: In this group of industries. the administration is done by an individual or a group of individuals $Eg$ $TISCO$, Reliance Industries Limited
$3.$ Co-operative Sector: The producers of raw materials or the workers or both have the authority (or power) in these industries and they run the Industries $Eg$ $AMUL$ (Anand Milk Union Limited) Dairy, Mother Dairy sugar factories, etc
$4.$ Joint Sector: This group of industries is owned by the Government and an individual or by the group of individuals and they administerthe industries $Eg.$ Maruti Suzuki Limited
(iv) Size-based industries:
$1.$ Cottage industries: The industry that is run by members of the family using labour. simple implements and less investment is called cottage Industry $Eg$ weaving khadi, papad. khakhra. agarbatti, bamboo work, etc. industries.
$2.$ Micro industries: The industry that is run with investment within $25$ lakh rupees and fully labour intensive production method is called micro industry $Eg$, making of artistic or useful things from metal, leather. soil (clay). etc industries.
$3.$ Small scale industries: The industries which have investment of more than $25$ lakhs rupees to less than $5$ crore and in which only labour intensive production method is used. and goods produced here are helpful for heavy industries are called small scale industries. $Eg.$ Industries producing implements, mending of vehicles, usable things, etc.
$4.$ Medium scale industries: The industries which have investment of more than $5$ crore rupees and less than $10$ crore rupees and are run by labour intensive or capital intensive production method are called medium scale industries. $E.g.$ Industries of machines, colour (paints)- chemicals, electronic implements, etc.
$5.$ Large scale industries: The industries which have investment of $10$ crores or more and are run by mainly capital intensive production method are called large scale industries. $E.g.$ industries of railway implements, heavy vehicles, iron and steel. etc

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Question 55 Marks

State how is the classification of Industries done.

Answer

The classification of industries is done on these types
$(i)$ Industries based on natural resources,
$(iii)$ Industries based on the sources of raw material,
$(iii)$ Industries on the basis of ownership and
$(iv)$ Size-based industries
$(i)$ Industries based on natural resources:In these industries, animal husbandry, dairy industry. meat industry. woollen industry. fisheries forestry, poultry farming silk-worm breeding, breeding of honey bees, industries depending on mechanization. etc are included.
$(ii)$ Industries based on the sources of raw materials:
$1.$ Agro-based industries: The raw material for these industries is obtained from agriculture products. Food grains industry, manufacturing of cotton cloth. silk cloth, jute (linen) cloth paper sugar, edible oil, etc. are agro-based industries.
$2.$ Animal-based industries: Milk and its by products industry, ineat industry, leather industry. etc. are animal-based industries.
$3.$ Marine-based industries: The fishprocessing industry and the industries using minerals obtained from the oceans are included in these industries.
$4.$ Forest-based industries: Paper industry. papier-mache industry, pharmaceutical (medicines). furniture and building construction industry, etc are included in these industries.
$5.$ Mineral-based industries: Iron-steel Industry, copper smelting industry, cement industry, chemical industry, aluminium smelting industry, etc. are included in these industries.
$(iii)$ On the basis of ownership, the industries can be grouped into public, private. co-operative and joint sector industries.
$1.$ Public Sector: In this group of industries. the ownership and the administration are both in the hands of the Government. e.g.. Hindustan Aeronautical Limited and Steel Authority of India Limited $(SAIL)$.
$2.$ Private Sector: In this group of industries. the administration is done by an individual or a group of individuals $Eg$ $TISCO$, Reliance Industries Limited
$3.$ Co-operative Sector: The producers of raw materials or the workers or both have the authority (or power) in these industries and they run the Industries $Eg$ $AMUL$ (Anand Milk Union Limited) Dairy, Mother Dairy sugar factories, etc
$4.$ Joint Sector: This group of industries is owned by the Government and an individual or by the group of individuals and they administerthe industries $Eg.$ Maruti Suzuki Limited
$(iv)$ Size-based industries:
$1.$ Cottage industries: The industry that is run by members of the family using labour. simple implements and less investment is called cottage Industry $Eg$ weaving khadi, papad. khakhra. agarbatti, bamboo work, etc. industries.
$2.$ Micro industries: The industry that is run with investment within $25$ lakh rupees and fully labour intensive production method is called micro industry $Eg$, making of artistic or useful things from metal, leather. soil (clay). etc industries.
$3.$ Small scale industries: The industries which have investment of more than $25$ lakhs rupees to less than $5$ crore and in which only labour intensive production method is used. and goods produced here are helpful for heavy industries are called small scale industries. $Eg.$ Industries producing implements, mending of vehicles, usable things, etc.
$4.$ Medium scale industries: The industries which have investment of more than $5$ crore rupees and less than $10$ crore rupees and are run by labour intensive or capital intensive production method are called medium scale industries. $E.g.$ Industries of machines, colour (paints)- chemicals, electronic implements, etc.
$5.$ Large scale industries: The industries which have investment of $10$ crores or more and are run by mainly capital intensive production method are called large scale industries. $E.g.$ industries of railway implements, heavy vehicles, iron and steel. etc

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Social Science 5 Marks Each

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