Science Do as directed; [1 M ]

Syphilis is the name of the disease that is caused by bacteria.

Number of pathogens (microorganisms). present in the body or organs makes the disease severe.

Histamine is released by damaged cells which causes inflammation.

Goiters can occur when the thyroid gland produces either too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism) or not enough (hypothyroidism). Much more rarely, the problem may arise when the pituitary gland stimulates thyroid growth to boost production of the hormone. It is a deficiency disease.

The flu is caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. These viruses spread when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk, sending droplets with the virus into the air and potentially into the mouths or noses of people who are nearby.

The capability of the body to fight against infection owing to the presence of specific antibodies is called immunity.

1. Polio.
2. Rubella.

An acute disease is a short duration disease which often has a relatively severe course.

Antibiotic is a chemical produced by a microorganisms, which kills or prevents the growth of other microorganisms and save us from the attack of disease.

Excessive sweating, contact with infected human beings are two external factors of ringworm disease.

It is transmitted directly (by sneezing, coughing) and indirectly (air borne disease).

Vaccination is one of the most effective method to prevent infection.

White Plague and Pott’s disease are another name of tuberculosis.

It may not be very easy to treat a communicable disease and so it is always a good idea to prevent them from happening because,

1. A communicable disease can damage the body organ functioning.
2. A treatment will take time, money and other resources. Moreover, the person may be bedridden for the period.
3. A communicable disease can spread very fast that can be contracted by other people.

Therefore, prevention is always better than cure when it comes to communicable diseases.

Eating balanced diet and personal and domestic hygiene are two basic conditions necessary for keeping good health.

MMR provides long life immunity.

Wearing socks and full sleeves cover body which prevents mosquito bite. This helps in protecting the body against diseases which are caused by mosquito bites such as dengue, malaria etc. Since dengue spreads through mosquitoe' s bite covering your body would result in less chances of being bitten by mosquitoes it becomes easier to bite at night for mosquitoes because we re sleeping also dengue vector mosquitoe bite only at night. WE while slleping generally our legs are coverd with blankets hands are vulnerable.

When the body attains immunity against any disease, due to vaccination. This process is called immunisation.

Influenza, Polio are two examples of viral diseases.

Icterus is another name of jaundice.

Contributing causes are factors which make an individual prone to catch a disease, e.g. undernourishment, defective heredity, poor public health services.

Lysozyme is the enzyme present in tears which prevents eye infections while crying.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

Disease carrier is defined as an organism, place or thing that harbours germs of a disease but does not suffer from the disease is termed as carrier. Housefly is an example of disease carrier.

Organ affected in Japanese Encephalitis–Brain.

It requires protein of human blood to lay eggs and transmit the disease via blood.

1. Immunization is the production of immunity in an individual by artificial means.
2. The diseases against which vaccines are available are - Tuberculosis and Polio.

Healthy and Disease Free are basic states of normal humans. A healthy person can be disease free, but a disease free person cannot be a healthy person; i.e. healthy is a state of an individual, who is physically, mentally, emotionally and physiological well in their lifestyles. While, Disease-free is a state of the body, which merely implies freedom from diseases. Healthy is a state wherein a person is fit and fine from all aspects, including all his physical, mental, psychological and emotional state. Being healthy refers to being free from any diseases. But, being diseases free does not refer to be healthy, i.e. a person who is disease free does not have any diseases but, they might not be stable from inside as that of a healthy person.

A person may be carrier of some disease. Such a person may take that particular disease to a foreign country. Therefore, all visitors to a foreign country are vaccinated against the disease which is not prevalent in that country. It also acts as preventive measure against diseases commonly found in foreign country. This way the traveller and the host country become disease free.

Mental health and social well being are abstract concepts and cannot be measured on any parameters.