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Question 11 Mark

What may be the symptoms of a disease if brain is infected.

Answer
Symptoms may include headache, fever, confusion, and seizures.
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Question 21 Mark

Name one sexually transmitted viral disease.

Answer
One sexually transmitted viral disease is AIDS (caused by HIV).
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Question 41 Mark

List two means of spreading of infectious disease.

Answer
1.Air-borne transmission (e.g., coughing, sneezing)
2.Water or food contamination (e.g., drinking polluted water)
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Question 51 Mark

Name the biologist who established that pathogen is a disease agent.

Answer
The biologist was Robert Koch.
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Question 61 Mark

Name the target organ of Japanese encephalitis and AIDS virus respectively.

Answer
The target organ of Japanese encephalitis virus is the brain, and the target organ of AIDS virus (HIV) is the immune system (specifically, T-helper cells).
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Question 71 Mark

Name two barriers, which prevent the entry of microbes in the body.

Answer
Two barriers that prevent the entry of microbes into the body are:
1.Skin
2.Mucous membranes
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Question 81 Mark

Why we should not eat uncovered food?

Answer
Because uncovered food can get contaminated by germs, leading to diseases.
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Question 101 Mark

Write down the biochemical process, which is blocked by sulpha drugs in bacteria.

Answer
Sulpha drugs block the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria.
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Question 111 Mark

When was the Pulse Polio Immunization Programme launched in India?

Answer
The Pulse Polio Immunization Programme was launched in 1995 in India.
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Question 121 Mark

What is infective agents of peptic ulcers?

Answer
The infective agent of peptic ulcers is the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
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Question 131 Mark

Mention two means of physical contacts by which AIDS does not spread.

Answer
1.Hugging or shaking hands
2.Sharing food or utensils
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Question 141 Mark

Write down two principles of treatment.

Answer
Two principles of treatment are:
1.Killing or removing the disease-causing microbes.
2.Relieving the symptoms of the disease.
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Question 171 Mark

What kills bacteria in our food in the mouth and stomach?

Answer
Saliva in the mouth and hydrochloric acid in the stomach help kill bacteria in our food.
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Question 181 Mark

What may be the symptoms of a disease if liver is infected?

Answer
Yellowing of skin and eyes (jaundice) and weakness.
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Question 201 Mark

Name the causal organism of:

  1. Tuberculosis.
  2. Typhoid.
Answer
1.The causal organism of tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
2.The causal organism of typhoid is Salmonella typhi.
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Question 211 Mark

Why it is difficult to develop vaccines for some diseases?

Answer
Because some disease-causing microbes mutate frequently, making it hard to create a lasting vaccine.
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Question 221 Mark

Name the disease in which legs became paralysed.

Answer
The disease in which legs become paralysed is Polio
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Question 231 Mark

What is correct?

A person strolling in the lawn of his/ her house is relaxing or doing exercise.

Answer
A person strolling in the lawn of his/her house is relaxing.
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Question 241 Mark

What is disease?

Answer
Disease is a condition in which the normal functioning of the body or mind is disturbed, causing ill health.
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Question 261 Mark

Which disease is caused due to hypersecretion of insulin hormone?

Answer
Hypoglycemia is caused due to hypersecretion of insulin hormone.
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Question 271 Mark

Name two modes of transmission of AIDS.

Answer
Two modes of transmission of AIDS are:
1.Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person
2.Sharing of contaminated needles or syringes
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Question 281 Mark

List one general mode of prevention of jaundice.

Answer
Drink clean and safe (boiled/filtered) water to prevent jaundice.
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Question 291 Mark

Name the personal issues involved in health.

Answer
Personal issues involved in health are personal hygiene and habits.
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Question 301 Mark

What do you mean by immediate cause of disease?

Answer
The immediate cause of a disease refers to the direct factor or agent that actually produces the disease in the body.
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Question 311 Mark

Mention two preventive measures against rabies.

Answer
Two preventive measures against rabies are:
1.Get anti-rabies vaccination after a dog or animal bite.
2.Wash the wound immediately with soap and plenty of clean water to reduce infection risk.
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Question 321 Mark

What are signs of disease?

Answer
Signs of disease are objective changes in the body that can be observed or measured by others, indicating that a person is unwell.
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Question 331 Mark

Deficiency of which vitamin in human diet may cause Pernicious anaemia?

Answer
Deficiency of Vitamin B12 causes Pernicious anaemia.
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Question 341 Mark

What is ORS?

Answer
ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) is a fluid containing salts and sugar that is taken orally to replace lost water and electrolytes in the body, especially during diarrhea or dehydration.
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Question 351 Mark

Explain the statement 'Prevention is better that cure' Keeping in view the infectious diseases.

Answer
It is easier and cheaper to prevent infectious diseases by hygiene, sanitation and vaccination than to treat them after infection.
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Question 361 Mark

Name two diseases against which vaccines are available.

Answer
Two diseases against which vaccines are available are:
1.Polio
2.Measles
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Question 371 Mark

Why are we normally advised to take bland and nourishing food when we are sick?

Answer
Because bland and nourishing food is easy to digest and helps the body recover faster.
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Question 381 Mark

Name the disease in which:

  1. Patient fears from water.
  2. Yellowing of skin takes place.
Answer
a.The disease in which the patient fears water is Rabies.
b.The disease in which yellowing of skin takes place is Jaundice.
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Question 391 Mark

Name the causal organism of ringworm and elephantiasis.

Answer
The causal organism of ringworm is fungus (e.g.,  Trichophyton).
The causal organism of elephantiasis is filarial worm (Wuchereria bancrofti).
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Question 411 Mark

What are congenital disease?

Answer
Congenital diseases are diseases that a person is born with, either due to genetic defects or problems during fetal development in the womb.
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Question 421 Mark

What do you mean by symptoms of a disease?

Answer
Symptoms of a disease are subjective indications of illness that are experienced and reported by the patient.
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Question 431 Mark

Mention any two causes of body's disease.

Answer
Two causes of disease in the body are:
-Infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa.
-Unhealthy lifestyle or poor nutrition, e.g. lack of balanced diet or unhygienic conditions.
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Question 441 Mark

Name any two habits, which should be avoided to keep good health.

Answer

Drinking alcohol and smoking should be avoided to keep good health.

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Question 461 Mark

Name a sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria.

Answer

Syphilis is the name of the disease that is caused by bacteria.

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Question 471 Mark

On which factor does severity of disease manifestations depend?

Answer

Number of pathogens (microorganisms). present in the body or organs makes the disease severe.

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Question 481 Mark

Name two diseases against which vaccines are available.

Answer

Polio and tuberculosis (T.B.) are the two disease against which vaccines are available.

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Question 491 Mark

Name the chemical released by damaged cells which causes inflammation.

Answer

Histamine is released by damaged cells which causes inflammation.

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Question 501 Mark

What is correct?

Regular use of OSR cures diarrhoea.

Answer

Yes. ORS prevents dehydration. Diarrhoea is generally cured automatically after 1 to 2 days because it is mostly viral infection.

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