Social Science 2 Marks Each

(1) Forests provide timber, fuel wood and various other things. (2) Various industries have developed such as paper-making, rayon, basket, small baskets, toys, mats and handicrafts items; turpentine from the fluid of chid tree, sports-goods, matchsticks, packing boxes for tea and medicines from pine and chid trees, fragrant sandalwood oil and other cosmetics from sandal-wood trees, leaf plates and bowls from khakhro leaves, catechu from kher trees and bidi from timru leaves. (3) Many herbal medicines like harde. baheda, ashwagandha, amla, cinchona, sarpagandha,nilgiri, eucalyptus, etc. are obtained from forests. (4) Products like lac, resin, gum, cane. honey. rubber, etc. are obtained from forests. (5) Forests provide employment to forest-dwellers. 
So forests are useful in the national development.

Characteristics of coniferous forests: The trees here have conical shape. 
→As the branches of the tree slope downward, the snow over the trees during the snow fall easily slides down over the land. 
→The leaves are long, pointed and sticky. They can retain the humidity for a longer time. 
→The wood of these trees is very soft and full of pulp from inside. So it is useful for paper making. 
→It takes many years for these trees to develop.

Characteristics: The roots of these trees are long. deep and are spread like radius of a circle to procure water. 
→Their leaves are shorter so the process of transpiration is slower. 
→Trees in these forests are scattered.

Characteristics: Here, the trees shed their leaves completely for 6 to 8 weeks during autumn. So these are called 'Deciduous Forests'. 
→The specific time to shed their leaves is different among the trees of all species. So the entire forest is never barren. 
→As the trees shed their leaves according to the season, these are also called 'Monsoon Forests

Characteristics: (1) Here the trees are 60 metres tall or even higher. (2) There is more humidity due to scrubs. (3) There is no autumn season in these forests. (4) As the trees are evergreen, these are also called 'Evergreen Forests'. (5) The girth of the trees is very thick and the wood is also very hard and heavy.