Social Science 3 Marks Each

Due to the unrestrained destruction of the forests -
→Increase in pollution
→Decrease in the volume of rain
→Occurrence of droughts 
→Global warming-increase in global temperature 
→ Greenhouse effects-problems arising due to greenhouse effects 
→Advance of deserts 
→Wild animals lose their shelters 
→Soil is eroded 
→Rivers are flooded 
→Natural beauty is lost.... etc. are the adverse results which we have suffered.

Man causes the maximum destruction of forests. Reasons for the destruction of forests are: 
→ Increasing population 
→The policy to establish industries away from the cities 
→ Urbanization and industrialization 
→ Multi-purpose projects and construction of canals 
→ Construction of railways, roads and airports 
→Activities to get wood for buildings and for fuel 
→Jhoom' (shifting cultivation) method of cultivation 
→Poverty of forest-dwellers 
→ Increasing theft of timber wood 
→ Indiscrimination towards procuring forest products for industries 
→Besides, forest fire is also a reason for the destruction of forests

The environmental importance (utility) of forests are as follows: 
→ Forests keep the atmosphere cool and help to bring rain. 
→ Forests spread humidity in the atmosphere and thus prevents it from becoming adverse. 
→ Forests suck harmful gases like carbon dioxide from the air and release life-saving oxygen.
→ Forests are useful to control the floods in the rivers. 
→They prevent the erosion by wind and rain. 
→They prevent the advancing deserts and this protects the fertile soil. 
→Forests conserve the humidity and retain the groundwater. 
→ They reduce pollution and maintain environmental equilibrium. 
→They increase the natural beauty. 
→They keep the air pure. 
→They provide dwellings to wildlife. 
→ Forests are the ideal fields for Adventure - Tourism Activity'. 
→Some forests in India are reserved as National Parks and Sanctuaries.

The natural vegetation of India is created due to the following factors: 
(1) Physiography. (2) Soil, (3) Temperature. (4) Insolation (5) Amount of rainfall and (6) Humidity. 
→The physiography of India consists of mountains. plateaus, plains, coastal plains and deserts. Due to this diversified physiography of India, a large diversity is seen in the natural vegetation also. 
→There are five types of soils in India such as alluvial, red, black, mountainous and sandy. The diverse natural vegetation follows the diversity in soils. 
→The diversified natural vegetation is the result of difference in the temperature and the humidity of the peninsular India and the snow clad and cold Himalayan regions. 
→ Insolation affects the growth of vegetation. The vegetation growth is faster in the regions where the insolation is more and it is slower in the regions of less insolation. 
→ It does not rain uniformly in India everywhere. There are regions getting more than 200 cm of rainfall annually and also regions getting 10 to 12 cm rain annually. Thus, the vegetation is diverse due to the unequal distribution of rain.