Biology [2 Mark Question Answer]

In anaphase, the two chromatids separate at the centromere and begin to move in opposite direction towards either end of the spindle network called the poles. The chromosomes bend around the centromere showing a 'V' or 'J' or 'L' shaped structure based on the length of its arms.

Interphase is a long resting phase in the cell cycle during which the cell grows, multiplication of DNA, synthesis of RNA and proteins takes place. Thus interphase is important in the cell cycle as it allows the cell to grow and develop into a mature cell before it is able to reproduce.

Meiosis is a reductional division as in meiosis the number of chromosomes of parent cell is reduced to half in the daughter cells. Now, this reductional division is significant because it restores the number of chromosomes in a species.

Cell division is important for a variety of reasons. One reason is that cell division is important for the growth of an organism. It is also important for cells to divide so that they can remain efficient. As all the cells are produced by the division of pre-existing cells, so each organism needs new cells for growth, replacement, repair and reproduction.

Significance of Crossing over:
(i) As a result of crossing over, the paternal and maternal homologous chromosomes of an organism pair up and exchange certain portions of their chromatids which lead to genetic variations.
(ii) It makes the genetic information in each haploid cell unique.