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Biology [5 Mark Question Answer]

Genetics - Some Basic Fundamentals · ICSE STD 10 (ICSE - English Medium). 2 questions.

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[5 Mark Question Answer]

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Question 15 Marks
Differentiate between:
genotype and phenotype
Answer
  Genotype Phenotype
1 It designates the genetic constitution of an individual which determines the characters. The individuals of the same genotype interbreed and have the same phenotype if they are present in the same environment. It designates the external appearance of an individual. The individual of the same phenotype may appear alike but may not interbreed if genetically different.
2 Genotype cannot be seen, but can be found out by modern techniques like DNA fingerprinting. Phenotypes can be observed directly in an individual.
3 Individuals possessing the same genotype usually have the same phenotypic expression. Individuals who look alike, i.e. have the same phenotype, may or may not have the same genotype.
4 The genotypic ratio obtained in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross is 1 : 2: 1 . In the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross, the phenotypic ratio is $3: 1$.
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Question 25 Marks
Does the sex of the child depend on the father or it is just a matter of chance? Discuss
Answer
The sex of the child depends on the father. The egg contains only one X chromosome, but half of the sperms contain X-chromosome whereas the other half contains Y-chromosome. It is simply a matter of chance as to which category of sperm fuses with the ovum and this determines whether the child will be male or female. If the egg fuses with X-bearing sperm, the resulting combination is XX and the resulting child is female. If the egg fuses with Y-bearing sperm, the resulting combination is XY and the resulting child is male.
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