Biology [2 Mark Question Answer]

The two reasons for the rapid increase in population in recent times are:

1. The death rate in India has fallen down due to increased scientific and medical knowledge.
2. Improved standard of living due to increased food production and industrial development and education has brought about an increase in population.

The census is important to estimate the death rate and growth rate of the population of a country. A census is the counting of the existing population at a fixed time as regards name, age, sex, occupation, date of birth, matrimonial status, number of dependents in a family, race, religion, language spoken, residence etc.

Three steps by which the increasing human population can be controlled, are:

1. Family Planning : There can be a decrease in birth rate by voluntary family planning aided by incentives. The methods include sterilization, use of contraceptives, use of pills, drugs and abortions.
2. Education of the people about small family norms and its benefits.
3. Raising the age of marriage to 18 in girls and 21 among boys.

The electronic media such as Radio and Television convey the message of family planning to the citizens everyday. The newspapers also provide the daily increase in the population of India to tell us about the danger and seriousness of population explosion.

The poorer and lower classes of people feel that children will be able to supplement the income of the parents by working. The more children, the more will be the income of the family.
Infant mortality is very high among the poor people because the mother do not receive pre-natal and anti-natal care. Further, many children die at an early age. This high infant mortality causes many of the poor to have more children so that some of them may survive.

The needs to control population are:

1. The number of people are increasing in geometrical progression.
2. It is leading to great economic pressure on the parents which is affecting their quality of life.
3. There is struggle for existence.
4. Proper medical facilities are not available.