Biology [3 marks Question Answer]

The benefits of having a small family are:

1. Basic needs like food, clothing, shelter, education, etc., will be satisfied more easily in a small family.
2. Children can get better education. Parents can often be able to provide higher education for the children.
3. Children will be healthy physically and mentally.
4. Parents can take better care of the children in a small, well-planned family.

A barrier method—the condom.
Non-barrier—the contraceptive pill.
Advantages of the condom include the fact that it is readily available, needs no medical supervision, can help reduce the transmission of venereal diseases. A disadvantage is that it is not the most reliable method. Advantages of the contraceptive pill are that it is highly reliable if taken according to instructions and that a woman can take responsibility for her own fertility. A disadvantage is that it should be taken under medical supervision as there is a small risk of side effects.

The four methods of birth control are:

1. Vasectomy: This involves the breaking of the contact between the sperms and ovum, by cutting the vas deferens or sperm duct which carries sperms from the testes to the outside in the man. It prevents pregnancy.
2. Tubectomy: Severing and sealing off the fallopian tubes so that the mature ovum may not come in contact with the incoming sperms.
3. Contraceptives: Loops, condoms, creams, etc., are used as contracetive which keep away sperms from meeting the ovum.
4. Voluntary methods: Which include : (a) avoiding from sexual intercourse during the unsafe period of ovulation, (b) Frequent use of contraceptive.

There will be increasing dependence on sources of energy other than coal and petroleum in the future because these two fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy and they are being consumed very quickly by the increasing human population. Further, man is trying to obtain energy from non-polluting sources of energy such as wind, hydroelectric power, etc., to prevent excessive pollution that is caused by the use of coal and petroleum.

The main disadvantages are:

1. The children are not able to get good variety and proper quantity of food resulting in malnutrition and deficiency diseases.
2. The mother will have poor health for which she can’t look after the children properly.
3. There will be a high economic pressure on father’s income.
4. The children won’t get proper education and medical facilities due to lack of money.
5. The problem of houses which are not well-ventilated or properly cleaned where the growing children will have the ill health.