Biology [2 Mark Question Answer]

Family welfare centres are set up in hospitals and other health centres to advocate small families and to promote family welfare and planning. These centres advice people on issues such as family planning, gap between successive children etc without any cost.

Following are the two reasons for the decline in death rate in India in recent times:
(i) Advancement in the field of medical science which leads to reduced morality rate.
(ii) Longevity provided by better food and health services.

Population explosion: The exceptionally high rate of population growth is known as Population explosion.
The consequences of Population explosion may be overcrowding, shortage of resources like food, water, land, fuel etc. It can also result in unemployment, poverty, social unrest, epidemic, violence etc.

The two advantages of a small family are:
(i) Children can be provided with good health and good education along with the basic needs of life.
(ii) Living standards of the family can be high.

The steps taken by the Indian government to control population are:
1. Establishment of health centers to advice and help people about family planning.
2. Free distribution of barrier contraceptives like condoms.

The main drawbacks of a large population are that it may lead to shortage of basic resources like food, water, fuel etc without which life would become impossible. In addition, overcrowding can also cause epidemics, poverty, unemployment etc.

The resources cannot keep pace with the rising population because:
(i) The demand of resources is much more than the supply. The population is growing at geometric progression (1, 2, 4, 8) while the production of food can increase only arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
(ii) New towns and cities coming up to accommodate the growing population are putting strain on the agricultural land.

Following are the methods of fertility control in men and women:
Men: Vasectomy is a method of fertility control in men. In this method, a small portion of vas deferens is cut and is tied at both the ends.
Women: Tubectomy is a method of fertility control in women in which the fallopian tubes are cut and are tied at both the ends.

The three steps which may be taken towards controlling the rapid rise in human population in India are:
1. Education: People should be educated about the advantages of a small family.
2. Marriageable age: Population can be controlled by raising the age limit for marriage.
3. Family planning: Voluntary family planning using birth control measures and contraceptives can check the growth of population.

"Our resources cannot keep pace with the rising population".
1. Population increases geometrically while food production is increasing arithmetically.
2. Rising population is putting heavy pressure on natural resources like water, land forest etc.
3. Fuel shortage is increasing day by day.