[3 marks Question Answer]

Question 13 Marks

Match the items in column I with the closely related ones in column II.

Column I	Column II
(i) Chlorofluocarbons (CFCs) (ii) Flyash (iii) Cow dung (iv) $CO_2$ and methane (v) Sulphur dioxide (vi) Iodine - 131	(a) Global warming (b) Biodegradable (c) Nuclear radiation pollutant (d) acid rain (e) Industrial waste (f) Ozone depletion

Answer

Column I	Column II (Answers)
(i) Chlorofluocarbons (CFCs) (ii) Flyash (iii) Cow dung (iv) $CO_2$ and methane (v) Sulphur dioxide (vi) Iodine - 131	(f) Ozone depletion (e) Industrial Waste (b) Biodegradable (a) Global Warming (d) Acid Rain (c) Nuclear Radiation Pollutant

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Question 23 Marks

The picture below shows a campaign recently started by the Indian Government.

Mention some chief objectives of this campaign.

Answer

The picture shows the cleanliness campaign called Swachh Bharat Abhiyan recently started by the Indian Government.
Objectives of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:

To clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country's cities and towns
To eliminate open defecation through the construction of individual, cluster and community toilets
To establish accountable mechanisms of monitoring latrine use
To achieve efficient solid and liquid waste management systems.

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Question 33 Marks

A lot of fish are dying near a sea shore. Describe any two possible causes.

Answer

(i) Industrial Waste:
Large number of industries produces waste water which contains various types of chemical pollutants. Such wastes are commonly discharged into the rivers. These chemicals cause irritation to the body systems of fish.
(ii) Thermal Pollution:
Many industries such as thermal power plants, oil refineries, nuclear plants use water for cooling their machinery. This hot waste water may be $8-10^oC$ warmer than the intake water. This hot water is released into the nearby streams, rivers or the sea and causes warming. The sudden fluctuation in the temperature of water kills the fishes and harms the plant life growing in it.

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Question 43 Marks

Briefly mention about 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan'. When was it launched and what are its objectives?

Answer

'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' is a significant cleanliness campaign started by the Government of India. It was officially launched on $2^{nd}$ October $2014$ by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who took the cleanliness pledge at India Gate in Delhi.
Objectives of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:

To clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country's cities and towns
To eliminate open defecation through the construction of individual, cluster and community toilets
To establish accountable mechanisms of monitoring latrine use
To achieve efficient solid and liquid waste management systems.

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Question 53 Marks

What are the common sources of oil spills, and how do they affect sea life.

Answer

The common sources of oil spills are: The overturned oil tankers, offshore oil mining and Oil Refineries.
The sea birds and sea animals sometimes get thick, greasy coating on their bodies due to oil spills.

Sea birds may ingest their oil coated. This may irritate their digestive system, may damage liver and kidney.

Oil spills lead to the death of sea birds as well as sea animals.

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Question 63 Marks

List two major harmful effects of the following:
Too much gaseous exhausts containing $CO_2$ and $SO_2.$

Answer

Too much gaseous exhausts containing $CO _2$ and $SO _2$

(a) The high concentration of $CO _2$ in atmosphere has been the main component of the green house effect that has caused global warming i.e. the rise of atmospheric temperature in recent years. Global warming causes melting of snow caps rise in sea levels.

(b) $SO _2$ is poisonous and irritates the respiratory system of animals and humans. A continuous exposure to $SO _2$ has been reported to damage the lungs and increase the rate of mortality.

(c) $SO _2$ is also responsible for acid rain

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