Biology [3 marks Question Answer]

(i) Tubectomy technique is shown in figure.
(ii) It is a contraception technique performed in females to manage or control the population. Tubectomy helps to block the passage of ovum from ovary to uterus.
(iii) Vasectomy is a similar technique performed in men.

(i) The given diagram shows vasectomy.
(ii) In this method, sperm duct or vas deferens (B) is ligated or cut to prevent the transport of sperms from testes to penis.
(iii) Tubectomy is a surgical method performed in females.

The advantages of having small families are -
• Our basic needs of food, shelter, clothing, education for children can be easily provided to all in a small family.
• Parents can often provide much better and higher education to children if they have small family.
• Children can get the better physical and mental health facilities in small family.

The growth of population has not been appreciably checked in India because of such reasons:
• Lack of education or illiteracy : Most population in India belongs to rural areas and are illiterate. They cannot think the consequences of having a large family and even do not want to discuss topics related to this.
• Mortality rate: Infant mortality rate is still higher in village areas due to illiteracy and inadequate medical facilities.
• Desire to have male child - Most Indians believe that only son can look after them in their old age and lineage is continued by him only.

Knowledge of the processes of reproduction can help people in limiting the size of their families:
• Knowing the process of ovulation can help people to understand how some birth control pills work. This will remove their fears regarding such contraceptions.
• Knowledge of the physiology of reproduction can help people undergo vasectomy and tubectomy without any apprehension -
This will help them in limiting the size of their families.

• Lack of education
• Traditional beliefs; considering birth of a child as a gift of god
• Desire of a son
• Economic reasons; more the children, more are the earning hands
• Reduction in mortality rate due to better medical facilities and public health care

• By preventing ovulation using contraceptive pills.
• By preventing fertilisation using IUCD, condoms, vaginal diaphragms, tubectomy or vasectomy.
• By increasing the marriageable age.