[3 marks Question Answer]

Question 13 Marks

match the conditions in column A with the cause in column B.

	A (Condition)		B (Cause)
a	Dwarfism and mental retardation	1	shortage of glucose in blood
b	Diabetes mellitus	2	Over secretion of growth hormone
c	Excess of glucose in blood	3	Insulin shock
d	Gigantism	4	Over secretion of thyroxine
e	Enlargement of breasts in adult males	5	Hypothyroidism
f	Exophthalmic goitre	6	Over secretion of cortical hormones

Answer

	A (Condition)		B (Cause)
a	Dwarfism and mental retardation	5	Hypothyroidism
b	Diabetes mellitus	1	Excess of glucose in blood
c	Shortage of glucose in blood	3	Insulin shock
d	Gigantism	2	Over secretion of growth hormone
e	Enlargement of breasts in adult males	6	Over secretion of cortical hormones
f	Exophthalmic goitre	4	Over secretion of thyroxine

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Question 23 Marks

Match the items of column I with those of column II

	Column I		Column II
1	β (beta) cells of islets of Langerhans	a	condition due to undersecretion of thyroxine in adults
2	Thyroid	b	Glucocorticoids
3	Cretinism	c	Exophthalmic goitre
4	Addison's disease	d	Increases heart beat
5	Hypothyroidism	e	Thyroxine
6	Myxoedema	f	Adrenal cortex
7	Adrenaline Under secretion of thyroxine in a child	h	Under secretion of thyroxine in a child

Answer

	Column I		Column II
1	Beta cells of islets of Langerhans	g	Insulin
2	Thyroid	c	Exophthalmic goitre
3	Cretinism	h	Under secretion of thyroxine in a child
4	Addison's disease	b	Glucocorticoids
5	Hypothyroidism	e	Thyroxine
6	Myxoedema	a	condition due to under secretion of thyroxine in adults
7	Adrenaline	d	Increases heart beat
8	Cortisone	f	Adrenal cortex

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Question 33 Marks

Given below are two diagrams (one is correct, the other one is somewhat incorrect) showing the transport of a hormone from its source gland/cell to the target organ/cell.

What is the error?

Answer

Hormone secreted by the endocrine gland is shown in the image A to be moving only in one direction i.e. towards the target organ. But actually the hormones poured into the blood stream may have one or more target sites at a time. The arrows shown are carried to all parts by the blood and their effect is produced only in one or more specific parts.

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Question 43 Marks

Study the diagram given below and then answer the question that follows:

Why is the pancreas referred to as an exo-endocrine gland?

Answer

An endocrine gland is one which does not pour its secretions into a duct, while an exocrine gland is a gland which pours its secretions into a duct. Because the pancreas produces hormones such as insulin, glucagon and somatostatin directly into the blood and not into a duct, it functions as an endocrine gland. Because it secretes the pancreatic juices for digestion via a duct, it functions as an exocrine gland. Hence, the pancreas is an exo-endocrine gland.

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Question 53 Marks

Name the two kinds of diabetes? Mention their symptoms and the causes.

Answer

1. Diabetes mellitus: Cause - under secretion of Insulin hormone Symptoms - excretion of great deal of urine with sugar, Person feels thirsty and loss of weight. In severe cases, the person may lose the eye sight. 2. Diabetes insipidus: Cause - Under secretion of Anti-diuretic hormone Symptoms - frequent urination resulting in loss of water from body and the person feels thirsty.

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Question 63 Marks

Complete the following table by filling in the blank spaces numbered 1 to 8:

Gland	Secretions	Effect on body
(1) ………..	oestrogen	(2) ………..
Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans	(3) ………..	(4) ………..
(5) ………..	(6) ………..	Protruding eyes
(7) ………..	(8) ………..	Gigantism

Answer

Gland	Secretions	Effect on body
Ovary	oestrogen	development of secondary sexual characteristics
Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans	Glucagon	Raises blood sugar level
Thyroid	Hypersecretion of thyroxine	Protruding eyes
Anterior pituitary	Hypersecretion of Growth hormone	Gigantism

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Question 73 Marks

Complete the following table by filling in the blanks numbers 1 to 7?

Gland	Hormone secreted	Effect on body
(1) ……….	(2) ……….	Regulates basal metabolism
Pancreas ("beta" cells)	(3) ……….	Controls blood sugar level
(4) ……….	(5) ……….	Increases heart beat
(6) ……….	Thyroid stimulating hormone	(7) ……….

Answer

Gland	Hormone secreted	Effect on body
Thyroid	Thyroxine	Regulates basal metabolism
Pancreas ("beta" cells)	Insulin	Controls blood sugar level
Adrenal gland	Adrenaline	Increases heart beat
Anterior pituitary	Thyroid stimulating hormone	Stimulates thyroxine secretion

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Question 83 Marks

Mention three important differences between the action of hormones and that of nerves in the regulatory mechanism of our body.

Answer

Action of Hormones	Action of Nerves
The effect of hormones is wide spread in the body. They can show their effect on more than one target site at a time.	The nerve response affects only particular glands.
The effect of hormones can be short-lived or long lasting	The effect of nervous response is always short-lived.
Cannot be modified by the previous learning experiences	Can be modified by the previous learning experiences.

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Question 93 Marks

Compare the hormonal response with the nervous response with respect to their speed, transmission and the general nature of changes brought about.

Answer

Hormonal Response	Nervous Response
Hormonal response is slow.	Nervous response is immediate
Hormones are chemical messengers transmitted through blood stream.	Nerve impulses are transmitted in the form of electro-chemical responses through nerve fibres.
This response brings about a specific chemical changes. Therefore it regulates the metabolism.	This response does not bring any chemical change during metabolism

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