Biology [5 Mark Question Answer]

(i) A is ovary—Hormones are estrogen and progesterone.
(ii)
(1) If fertilization takes place, after about 7 days of fertilization the embryo reaches the uterus.
(2) If there is no fertilization uterine lining is shed off with blood flow.
(iii) Fallopian tube.
(iv)

(i)
1. Prostate gland.
2. Cowper’s gland.
3. Urethra.
4. Sperm duct.
5. Testis.
(ii)
1. Prostate gland: it secretes an alkaline matter which neutralizes the acidity of urethra.
4. Sperm duct: It carries sperms from epididymis to the urethra.
(iii) Cells of Leydig.
(iv) The testis is located in the scrotal sacs so that they can maintain a low temperature than the body cavity. This low temperature is necessary for the maturation of sperms.
(v) Semen is the mixture of sperm and secretions of the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper's gland.

(i)
1. Oviduct
2. Funnel of oviduct
3. Ureter
4. Vagina
5. Ovary
6. Uterus
7. Bladder
8. Urethra
(ii) The endometrium lining and glands of the uterine wall grow to prepare the uterus for the reception of a zygote.
(iii) If fertilization takes place, the embryo is implanted in the uterus. The uterus wall develops a placenta which attaches the embryo to the uterus and the uterine wall expands to accommodate the growing embryo.
(iv) If fertilization fails to take place, menstruation takes place during which endometrium of the uterus is cast off. The capillaries and cells of this layer rupture and disappear.

(i)
1. Vagina
2. Right ovary
3. Ovarian funnel
4. Oviduct
5. Uterus
6. Cervix.
(ii) Normally the ovary releases one egg every 28 days by the rupture of the Graffian follicle.
(iii) The sperms are released by the penis in the vagina near the cervix.
(iv) The sperms swim up the vagina to enter through the cervix into the uterus and up into the oviduct where it meets the ovum.
(v) The function of the uterus is for the protection and nourishment of the embryo during the period of gestation.
(vi) The period of gestation is 266-280 days after which the fetus is expelled.

(i) Functions:
1. It supplies oxygen, water, nutrients and hormones from the mother to embryo.
2. It transfers. carbon dioxide and other waste materials from the embryo to the mother’s blood.
3. It shields the embryo from infections as it is impermeable to most of the microorganisms present in the mother’s blood.
4. It produces certain hormones like oestrogen and progesterone which are essential for the reproductive process.
The amnion or amniotic sac is made up of protective membranes that are formed around the embryo. It encloses a fluid-filled space which acts as a water-bath and excellent shock absorption for the young embryo.
5. The embryo that develops in the placenta is maintained at a constant temperature, is well protected and nourished by the umbilical cord.
(ii) Waste products of the fetus are removed through the umbilical cord.
(iii) The interval of time between fertilization and birth is called the gestation period. It is about 280 days in human beings.

(i)
1. Seminiferous tubules
2. Testicular lobule
3. Epididymis
4. Vas deferens
(ii)
1.Seminiferous tubules: sperm production, nourishment, and protection of sperm.
3.Epididymis:stores sperm, contributes to seminal fluid.
(iii) The scrotal sac acts as a thermoregulator. The temperature in the scrotal sac remains 2-3°C lower than the body temperature which is suitable for the maturation of sperm.
(iv) Through the inguinal canal, the sperm duct is connected and so passes the sperm to the urinary bladder.
(v) Semen is a mixture of mature sperm and secretions of’ various accessory glands. It is a milky fluid.