The structure related to storage and maturation of sperms in a human male is:
✓
Epididymis
B
Epidermis
C
Epithelium
D
Endothelium
Answer
Correct option: A.
Epididymis
(a) Epididymis Explanation: The epididymis is a coiled tube located on the back of each testicle. After sperms are produced in the testes, they move into the epididymis for maturation and storage. Within the epididymis, sperms undergo a process called maturation, where they gain the ability to swim and fertilise an egg. This maturation process takes place over several weeks as the sperms travel through the epididymis. The epididymis also serves as a storage site for mature sperms. It provides an environment that supports sperms, viability and protects them.
What is the function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?
A
To produce sperm
B
To store sperm
✓
To regulate the temperature necessary for sperm production
D
To transport sperm to the urethra
Answer
Correct option: C.
To regulate the temperature necessary for sperm production
(c) To regulate the temperature necessary for sperm production Explanation: The scrotum houses the testicles and maintains them at a temperature slightly lower than the body's core temperature, which is essential for effective sperm production.
Which part of the female reproductive system is the site of implantation of a fertilised egg?
A
Ovary
✓
Uterus
C
Vagina
D
Fallopian tube
Answer
Correct option: B.
Uterus
(b) Uterus Explanation: The uterus is the site where a fertilised egg implants and develops into a fetus. It provides the necessary conditions and support for fetal growth.
Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females?
A
Testosterone
B
Insulin
✓
Estrogen
D
Thyroxine
Answer
Correct option: C.
Estrogen
(c) Estrogen Explanation: Estrogen is a key hormone in females that promotes the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
What is the primary function of the human male reproductive system?
A
To produce hormones
✓
To produce and transport sperm
C
To regulate body temperature
D
To produce blood cells
Answer
Correct option: B.
To produce and transport sperm
(b) To produce and transport sperm Explanation: The male reproductive system is primarily designed to produce sperm, the male reproductive cells, and transport them for fertilisation.
Assertion (A): The head of the sperm contains tightly packed chromosomes. Reason (R): The head of the sperm is primarily responsible for the motility of the sperm.
A
Both A and R are True.
B
Both A and R are False.
✓
A is True and R is False.
D
A is False and R is True.
Answer
Correct option: C.
A is True and R is False.
(c) A is True and R is False. Explanation: Sperm head contains tightly packed chromosomes, carrying essential genetic material for fertilisation. Reason (R) is false because sperm moves with its tail (flagellum), not with the head. The tail helps to propel the sperm towards the egg, while the head, housing genetic material, doesn't contribute to movement.
Assertion (A): The placenta facilitates the transfer of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the embryo. Reason (R) : The placenta is an endocrine gland that produces hormones essential for maintaining pregnancy.
✓
Both A and R are True.
B
Both A and R are False.
C
A is True and R is False.
D
A is False and R is True.
Answer
Correct option: A.
Both A and R are True.
(a) Both A and R are True. Explanation: The placenta does indeed facilitate the transfer of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the embryo. This is one of its primary functions during pregnancy. It allows the exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between the mother and the fetus. The placenta also functions as an endocrine gland. It produces several hormones that are crucial in regulating the maternal environment and supporting the developing foetus.
(b) 280 days Explanation : Gestation is the period of time the mother carries the child from the day of conceiving till parturition. The mother carries the baby for a total of 9 months that is equal to 280 days in humans. This is the time from the last menstrual period until birth.
(d) Vas deferens Explanation: In vasectomy, a surgical procedure for male sterilisation, vas deferens are cut, folded and tied to prevent the sperms reaching the urethra, ultimately avoiding the pregnancy.
Each seminiferous tubule is lined on its inside by two types of cells called:
A
Spermatozoa and Sertoli cells
B
Male cells and Leydig cells
C
Interstitial cells and Sertoli cells
✓
Sertoli cells and Leydig cells
Answer
Correct option: D.
Sertoli cells and Leydig cells
(d) Sertoli cells and Leydig cells Explanation: Seminiferous tubules are lined by Sertoli cells that nourish developing sperm cells and Leydig cells, located outside the seminiferous tubules, produce testosterone.
(d) Cowper's gland Explanation: Bulbourethral glands are also called Cowper's glands after the English anatomist William Cowper. These glands are responsible for secreting a fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralises acidity in the male reproductive system.
Which among the following statement is not true for luteal phase?
A
The ovulation is followed by the luteal phase.
✓
The remaining parts of the corpus luteum transform as the Graafian follicle.
C
The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone
D
Endometrium is maintained for possible pregnancy.
Answer
Correct option: B.
The remaining parts of the corpus luteum transform as the Graafian follicle.
(b) The remaining parts of the corpus luteum transform as the Graafian follicle. Explanation: The ovulation (ovulatory phase) is followed by the luteal phase during which the remaining parts of the Graafian follicle transform as the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone which is essential for maintenance of the endometrium. Endometrium is necessary for implantation of the fertilised ovum and other events of pregnancy.
Which of the following secrete(s) hormone, relaxin, during the later phase of pregnancy?
A
Mammary glands
B
Uterus
C
Foetus
✓
Corpus luteum
Answer
Correct option: D.
Corpus luteum
(d) Corpus luteum Explanation: The corpus luteum, which is formed from the remnants of the ovulated follicle, secretes the hormone relaxin during the later phase of pregnancy. Relaxin helps in the relaxation of the uterine musculature.
Spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa by the process of:
A
Spermiation
B
Spermatocytogenesis
✓
Spermiogenesis
D
Spermatolysis
Answer
Correct option: C.
Spermiogenesis
(c) Spermiogenesis Explanation: Spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa by Spermiogenesis. It is a process by which haploid spermatids undergo a series of stages to become mature spermatozoa capable of motility (functional sperm cells).
Each ovary is about 2 to 4 cm in length and is connected to the pelvic wall and uterus by __________ .
✓
ligaments
B
Fimbriae
C
Isthmus
D
tenticles
Answer
Correct option: A.
ligaments
(a) ligaments Explanation: Each ovary is about 2 to 4 cm in length and is connected to the pelvic wall and uterus by ligaments including the ovarian ligament and the suspensory ligament of the ovary.
Which of the following helps in collection of ovum after ovulation?
A
Vagina
✓
Fimbriae
C
Ampulla
D
Isthmus
Answer
Correct option: B.
Fimbriae
(b) Fimbriae Explanation: The edges of the infundibulum possess finger-like projections called fimbriae, which help in collection of the ovum after ovulation by sweeping it into the tube.
paired seminal vesicles, a prostate and paired bulbourethral glands.
B
seminal vesicles, paired prostate and paired bulbourethral glands.
C
seminal vesicles, paired prostate and a bulbourethral gland.
D
testes, paired seminal vesicles and a prostate.
Answer
Correct option: A.
paired seminal vesicles, a prostate and paired bulbourethral glands.
(a) paired seminal vesicles, a prostate and paired bulbourethral glands. Explanation: The male accessory glands include paired seminal vesicles, a prostate and paired bulbourethral glands. Secretions of these glands constitute the seminal plasma to contribute fluid that mix with sperm to form semen. The secretions of bulbourethral glands also help in the lubrication of the penis.
(a) fructose, calcium and certain enzymes Explanation: Seminal plasma, the fluid part of semen, is rich in fructose, calcium, and enzymes. Fructose provides energy for the sperm cells.
Which of the following statements is not true for female ovary?
A
Ovaries are the primary female sex organs.
B
Ovary produce the female gamete and several steroid hormones.
✓
The ovaries are located one on each side of kidney.
D
Each ovary is about 2 to 4 cm in length.
Answer
Correct option: C.
The ovaries are located one on each side of kidney.
(c) The ovaries are located one on each side of kidney. Explanation: The ovaries are located in the pelvic cavity, one on each side of the uterus, not near the kidneys. They are primary female sex organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
The opening of the vagina is often covered partially by a membrane called __________ .
✓
hymen
B
clitoris
C
Mons pubis
D
endometrium
Answer
Correct option: A.
hymen
(a) hymen Explanation: The hymen is a thin membrane that partially covers the opening of the vagina. It is not present in all females and can be broken or stretched during various activities, including sexual intercourse.
(b) Outside seminiferous tubules Explanation : Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells, are located in the interstitial space outside the seminiferous tubules in the testes. They produce testosterone, which is crucial for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics and spermatogenesis.
How many seminiferous tubules are present per testicular lobule?
✓
1-3
B
500
C
1000
D
At maximum 10
Answer
Correct option: A.
1-3
(a) 1-3 Explanation: Seminiferous tubules are present in the testes, where sperms are produced. Two to three seminiferous tubules are present in each testicular lobule. Each testis contains around 250 testicular lobules. Seminiferous tubules open into rete testis. The rete testis leads to epididymis through vasa efferentia.
(c) Within scrotum Explanation: The testes in humans are located within the scrotum, which is a pouch of skin hanging outside the male body. Which has $2-3^{\circ} C$ lower temperature than the normal body temperature required for maturation of sperms.
On which day of the menstrual cycle does ovulation take place?
A
5th day
B
28th day
✓
14th day
D
1st day
Answer
Correct option: C.
14th day
(c) 14 th day Explanation: The cycle starts with the menstrual phase and when the menstrual phase ends after 4-5 days the graafian follicle becomes mature and releases an egg around the 14 th day for the 28 day menstrual cycle.
The adhesion of male and female reproductive organs
✓
The fusion of nuclei of male and female gametes
D
The shedding of gametes from a reproductive organ
Answer
Correct option: C.
The fusion of nuclei of male and female gametes
(c) The fusion of nuclei of male and female gametes Explanation: Fertilisation is a process of sexual reproduction that involves the fusion of male gamete and female gamete leading to the formation of a zygote that develops into an organism.
When there is no pregnancy, the corpus luteum lives for around:
A
4 days
✓
10 days
C
14 days
D
28 days
Answer
Correct option: B.
10 days
(b) 10 days Explanation: In the absence of pregnancy, the corpus luteum does not receive the signal to persist. As a result, it degenerates into a white scar tissue known as the corpus albicans. This degeneration typically takes place over a period of about 10 days after ovulation if fertilisation does not occur. Following this degeneration, menstruation begins, marking the start of a new menstrual cycle.
(b) Ovaries and produces progesterone hormone Explanation : The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries that is involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone, moderate levels of estradiol, inhibin A, and small amounts of estrogen. It plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining pregnancy in females.
Sterilisation in the female involves cutting and tying the:
A
Ureter
B
Uterus
C
Urethra
✓
Oviduct
Answer
Correct option: D.
Oviduct
(d) Oviduct Explanation : Female sterilisation, often referred to as tubal ligation, involves cutting and tying the oviducts (also known as fallopian tubes). This procedure prevents the eggs from traveling from the ovaries to the uterus and sperm from reaching the egg, thus preventing pregnancy.
The egg passes through fimbriated funnel of fallopian tube
D
The unfertilised egg passes out of female's body
Answer
Correct option: A.
The egg is released from Graafian follicle
(a) The egg is released from Graafian follicle Explanation: During ovulation, the Graafian follicle ruptures and releases secondary oocytes. Ovulation occurs in the middle of the cycle and is induced by an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH).
In females, after how much time after fertilisation does the fertilised egg get implanted in the uterine wall?
A
Few months
B
One month
C
Three weeks
✓
About seven days
Answer
Correct option: D.
About seven days
(d) About seven days Explanation : The blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall on the sixth day after fertilisation, and the side containing the inner cell mass is positioned against the endometrium. Enzymes made by the trophoblast cells aid the blastocyst in 'eating its way' into the dense endometrium. This starts the implantation procedure. The blastocyst is fully entrenched or implanted in the endometrium by the seventh to tenth day.
The onset of menstruation in the female is termed as:
A
Ovulation
✓
Menarche
C
Menopause
D
Parthenogenesis
Answer
Correct option: B.
Menarche
(b) Menarche Explanation: Menarche is the onset of the menstrual cycle at the time of puberty in females. This marks the start of fertility period of the women.
(a) Energy Explanation: Middle piece of the sperm produces energy because it contains mitochondria which are responsible for ATP production and this energy is used for the movement of the sperm.
(c) Epididymis Explanation: Immature sperms are forced from the seminiferous tubules after spermatogenesis by other sperms and the fluid the Sertoli cells secrete. As sperm enter the epididymis, they complete maturation, stimulated in part by protein secretions from the epididymal cells.
How much the temperature of the scrotum in the male is lower than the temperature of the body?
A
$0^{\circ} C$
✓
$2^{\circ} C$
C
$5^{\circ} C$
D
$8^{\circ} C$
Answer
Correct option: B.
$2^{\circ} C$
(b) $2^{\circ} C$ Explanation: Scrotal sac acts as thermo regulator. The temperature in scrotal sac remains $2-3^{\circ} C$ lower than the body temperature which is suitable for maturation of sperm. When the body is cold, the scrotum shrinks and becomes tighter to hold in body heat. When it's warm, it gets larger and floppier to get rid of extra heat.
If the vas deferens of a man are surgically disconnected or removed:
✓
Semen will be without sperms
B
Sperms in the semen will be without nuclei
C
Spermatogenesis will not take place
D
Sperms in semen will be non-motile
Answer
Correct option: A.
Semen will be without sperms
(a) Semen will be without sperms Explanation: Vasa deferentia is a tube that helps to transport sperms from testes to urethra, but if it is blocked then, there will be no sperm in the semen.
Which one of the following is the route that a sperm follows when it leaves the testes of a mammal?
A
Vas deferens $\rightarrow$ epididymis $\rightarrow$ urethra
B
Urethra $\rightarrow$ epididymis $\rightarrow$ vas deferens
C
Epididymis $\rightarrow$ urethra $\rightarrow$ vas deferens
✓
Epididymis $\rightarrow$ Vas deferens $\rightarrow$ urethra
Answer
Correct option: D.
Epididymis $\rightarrow$ Vas deferens $\rightarrow$ urethra
(d) Epididymis $\rightarrow$ Vas deferens $\rightarrow$ urethra Explanation: The route that a sperm follows when it leaves the testes of a mammal is : Epididymis: After being produced in the testes, sperms move to the epididymis, where they mature and are stored. Vas deferens: When required, mature sperms are transported from the epididymis through the vas deferens. This duct is a part of the spermatic cord. Urethra: Finally, the sperms are ejaculated through the urethra, which is the final passageway out of the body.