Acids,Bases and Salts Chemistry - Acids,Bases and Salts

Assertion (A): Bleaching powder is a mixed salt.
Reason (R): It contains two acidic radicals other than OH^- ions.

Assertion (A): On dilution, the pH of an acid increases.
Reason (R): The concentration of hydrogen ion increases on dilution.

Assertion (A): Baking soda (NaHCO₃) is a basic salt.
Reason (R): It is a salt of weak base and strong acid.

Acid is a compound, which on dissolving in water furnishes:

Ammonium hydroxide is an example of

Mention the terms defined by the following sentences :
(i) A soluble base
(ii) An insoluble solid formed, when two solutions are mixed together.

Give one chemical property (not indicators) with a balanced equation in each case which are typical of (i) a dilute acid (ii) a dilute aqueous alkali.

1 molar solution of acetic acid is a weak acid as compared to 0.1 molar solution of hydrochloric acid. Why? Explain your answer.

Write fully balanced chemical equations for the reaction of conc. sulphuric acid with (i) metallic chloride (ii) metallic nitrate. Explain, why the chlorides and nitrates form their respective acids.

How will you obtain (i) sulphuric acid from an acidic oxide, and (ii) potassium hydroxide from a basic oxide?

(a) Acids dissolve in water to produce positively charged ions. Draw the structure of the positive ion.
(b) Elements Q and S react together to form an ionic compound. Under normal conditions, which physical state will the compound QS exist in?
(c) Can Q and S, both be metals? Justify your answer.

You are provided with the list of chemicals below in the box:

Using suitable chemicals from the list given below, write balanced chemical equations for the preparation of the salts mentioned below:
(i) Lead carbonate
(ii) Ammonium sulphate

Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.
(i) Zinc sulphate solution and zinc chloride solution.
(ii) Iron(II) chloride solution and iron(III) chloride solution.
(iii) Calcium nitrate solution and calcium chloride solution.

Starting with copper chips and concentrated nitric acid, describe briefly how you can prepare black copper oxide.

Write the observations and balanced equations for the following reactions :
(i) Sodium hydroxide is added drop by drop, till in excess, in a solution of zinc sulphate.
(ii) Ammonium hydroxide is added first in small quantity and then in excess to a solution of copper sulphate.
(iii) Excess of ammonium hydroxide is added to a substance obtained by the action of hydrochloric acid in silver nitrate.

A salt which absorbs moisture from air and changes into liquid state.

The phenomenon due to which a salt reacts with water to form parent acid and alkali.

A hydrated salt which loses its water of crystallisation on exposure to air.

An indicator which turns pink in alkaline solution and colourless in an acid solution.

The number of H⁺ ions of an acid which react completely with one molecule of base to form salt and water as the only products.

An oxide of a metal which is amphoteric in nature is ________ [PbO /Pb₃O₄ /PbO₂]

The hydroxide which is soluble in excess of NaOH is ________ [Al(OH)₃ /Fe(OH)₂ / Cu(OH)₂]

The example of an amphoteric hydroxide is ________. [Ca(OH)₂ /Cu(OH)₂ /Al(OH)₃ / Fe(OH)₃]

The colour of hydrated copper sulphate is ________. [light blue/black/white]

An example of acidic salt is ________ [NaHSO₄ /CH₃COONa /K₂SO₄]

Write balanced equations for the following reactions:
(i) Potassium hydrogen carbonate and dilute sulphuric acid.
(ii) Copper oxide and dilute hydrochloric acid.
(iii) Manganese(IV) oxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid.
(iv) Sodium nitrate and concentrated sulphuric acid

We cannot prepare calcium sulphate by treating marble chips with dilute sulphuric acid. Outline the procedure to prepare calcium sulphate from marble chips.

You are required to prepare lead sulphate from lead carbonate. Briefly explain how will you proceed.

Answer the following questions :
(i) The pH of a solution S is 10. What is nature of solution?
(ii) If the pH of solution S is to be increased, name the compound we should add to it.
(iii) Name kind of particles present in the solution of carbonic acid.
(iv) Name kind of particles present in the glucose solution.

A solution M turns blue litmus red while another solution N turns red litmus blue. In the above context answer the following questions :
(i) What do M and N must contain?
(ii) When M and N are mixed together, name one of the product formed.
(iii) When M and N are mixed together, name the other product formed.
(iv) If a piece of magnesium was put into a solution M, name the gas evolved.

The primary reason behind the formation of the toxic foam is high phosphate content in the wastewater because of detergents used in dyeing industries, dhobi ghats and households. Yamuna's pollution level is so bad that parts of it have been labelled 'dead' as there is no oxygen in it for aquatic life to survive.
(i) Predict the pH value of the water of river Yamuna if the reason for froth is high content of detergents dissolved in it.
(ii) The pH value of four solutions P, Q, R and S are 2, 9, 5 and 11 respectively. Arrange the solutions in in- creasing order of their hydronium ion concentration. Identify strong acid.
(iii) When the water has detergents dissolved in it. What is the level of concentration of hydronium ion and hydroxide ion?
(iv) If a sample of water containing detergents is provided to you, which method will you adopt to neutralise it?

The pH values of three solutions P, Q and R are given in the table.

Solution	pH value
P	12
Q	2
R	7

Answer the following questions :
(i) Which solution will have no effect on litmus solution?
(ii) Which solution will liberate CO₂ when reacted with sodium carbonate?
(iii) Which solution will turn red litmus blue?
(iv) Which solution will turn blue litmus red?
(v) Which solution is also known as alkali?

For each of the conversions A, B, C, D and E in the scheme below, state briefly in words, how the conversions can be carried out.