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Chemistry [2 Mark Question Answer]

Metallurgy · ICSE STD 10 (ICSE - English Medium). 47 questions.

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[2 Mark Question Answer]

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47 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 12 Marks
Name the main constituent metal in the following alloy:
Stainless steel
Answer
Stainless steel
Fe (73%)
Cr (18%)
Ni (8%)
C (1%)
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Question 32 Marks
Name the main constituent metal in the following alloy:
Duralumin
Answer
Duralumin
Al (95%)
Cu (4%)
Mg (0.5%)
Mn (0.5%)
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Question 42 Marks
State the property of the metal being utilized in the following :
Use of metal Property
Zinc in Galvanization
Aluminium in Thermite welding
Answer
 
Use of metal Property
Zinc in galvanisation Zinc oxidises more readily than iron, thus preventing the rusting of iron.
Aluminium in thermite welding Aluminium is a good reducing agent.
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Question 52 Marks
Calcium, copper, lead, aluminium, zinc, chromium, magnesium, iron.
Choose the major metals from the list given above to make the following alloys:
(a) Stainless steel
(b) brass
Answer
(a) For stainless steel: iron, chromium
(b) For brass: Copper and zinc.
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Question 62 Marks
A to F below relate to the source and extraction of either zinc or aluminium.
A. Bauxite
B. Coke
C. Cryolite
D. Froth floatation
E. Sodium hydroxide solution
F. Zinc blende
Fill in the blanks using the most appropriate words from A to F:
(i) The ore from which aluminium is extracted must be treated with ______ so that pure aluminium oxide can be obtained.
(ii) Pure aluminium oxide is dissolved in ______ to make a conducting solution.
Answer
(i) The ore from which aluminium is extracted must be treated with Sodium hydroxide solution so that pure aluminium oxide can be obtained.
(ii) Pure aluminium oxide is dissolved in Cryolite to make a conducting solution.
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Question 72 Marks
A to F below relate to the source and extraction of either zinc or aluminium.
A. Bauxite
B. Coke
C. Cryolite
D. Froth floatation
E. Sodium hydroxide solution
F. Zinc blende
Write down the three letters each from the above list which are relevant to:
(i) Zinc
(ii) Aluminium
Answer
(i) B, D F
(ii) A, C E
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Question 82 Marks
Aluminium is extracted from its chief ore bauxite. The ore is first purified and then the metal is extracted from it by electrolytic reduction.
Mention one reason for the use of aluminium in thermite welding. Which particular property of cast iron makes it unsuitable for the construction of bridges?
Answer
As a reducing agent: Aluminium has a high affinity for oxygen. It readily removes oxygen from oxides of less reactive metals.
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Question 92 Marks
Aluminium is extracted from its chief ore bauxite. The ore is first purified and then the metal is extracted from it by electrolytic reduction.
Write an equation for the reaction which takes place at the anode during the extraction of aluminium by the electrolytic process.
Answer
$O ^{2-}-2 e ^{-} \rightarrow[ O ]$
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Question 102 Marks
In order to obtain one tone of aluminium, the following inputs are required:
4 tones of bauxite, 150 Kg of sodium hydroxide and 600 Kg of graphite.
The aluminium compound in bauxite is aluminium oxide and the main impurity is iron (II) oxide. Aluminium is obtained by the electrolysis of aluminium oxide dissolved in cryolite.
(i) Name the process used for purification of bauxite.
(ii) Write the equation to show the action of heat on aluminium hydroxide.
Answer
(i) Baeyers process or Halls process is used for the purification of bauxite.
(ii)
$
2 Al ( OH )_3+\text { Heat } \longrightarrow Al _2 O _3+3 H _2 O
$0
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Question 112 Marks
In order to obtain one tone of aluminium, the following inputs are required:
4 tones of bauxite, 150 Kg of sodium hydroxide and 600 Kg of graphite.
The aluminium compound in bauxite is aluminium oxide and the main impurity is iron (II) oxide. Aluminium is obtained by the electrolysis of aluminium oxide dissolved in cryolite.
(a) When bauxite is treated with sodium hydroxide solution, what happens to:
(i) the aluminium oxide?
(ii) The iron (III) oxide?
Answer
(i) Aluminium oxide being an amphoteric oxide reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form soluble sodium meta aluminate.
$\underset{\text { Alumina }}{ Al _2 O _3 \cdot 2 H _2 O }+2 NaOH +2 H _2 O \longrightarrow \underset{\text { Sodium aluminate }}{2 NaAIO _2} \quad+3 H _2 O$
(ii) Iron (III) oxide remains undissolved in the sodium hydroxide solution and settles down.
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Question 122 Marks
List 1 contains the meta ls I alloys (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ) and list 2 contains their uses (A, B, C, D, E).
List 1
Metal/Alloy		List 2
Uses
1. Aluminium A. Steel making
2. LeadB. aeroplane wings
3. BrassC. galvanizing
4. IronD. radiation shield
5. ZincE. electricaI fittings
Copy and complete the following table, write down the correct letter against the numbers representing metals. An answer may be used only once. The first has been done for you.
Metal12345
UseB
Answer
Metal1 2345
UseBDEAC
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Question 132 Marks
What is an alloy? An alloy usually has some property which makes it useful in a specific way.
What is the special property of : type metal?
Answer
An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals fused together and then solidified.
Type metal = Hard
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Question 142 Marks
What is an alloy? An alloy usually has some property which makes it useful in a specific way.
What is the special property of: Duralumin
Answer
An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals fused together and then solidified.
(a) The special property of duralumin is:
  • Light but hard
  • Resistant to corrosion
  • Ductile
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Question 152 Marks
The following questions relate to the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.
Explain why it is necessary to renew the anode periodically.
Answer
Oxygen gas is liberated at anode as :
$
\begin{aligned}
& O _2{ }^{-}-2 e ^{-} \longrightarrow[ O ] \\
& {[ O ]+[ O ] \longrightarrow O _2}
\end{aligned}
$
The oxygen formed at anode oxidizes the carbon of the anode to carbon dioxide.
$
C + O _2 \longrightarrow CO _2
$
As a result the anode gets oxidized and it has to be replaced periodically.
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Question 162 Marks
Write equations for each of the above metal which reacts with water.
Answer
i. Reaction of sodium with water :
$
2 Na + H _2 O \longrightarrow 2 NaOH + H _2
$
ii . Reaction of calcium with water:
$
Ca +2 H _2 O \longrightarrow Ca ( OH )_2+ H _2
$
iii . Reaction of magnesium with water:
$
Mg + H _2 O \longrightarrow MgO + H _2
$
iv. Reaction of iron with water:
$
3 Fe +4 H _2 O \longrightarrow Fe _3 O _4+4 H _2
$
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Question 172 Marks
Define and explain the meaning of the term ore.
Answer
Ore : Those minerals from which a metal can be extracted profitably are called ores. For example bauxite ore is used to extract aluminium metal, hematite ore is used to extract iron me
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Question 182 Marks
what is the function of cryolite in the extraction of aluminium, other than acting as a solvent for bauxite?
Answer
Cryolite is used in the electrolysis of alumina. The function of cryolite is to
(i) Reduce melting point of alumina
(ii) Make molten alumina a good conductor of electricity.
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Question 192 Marks
What is passive iron?
Answer
iron which cannot be easily acted upon by acidsis called as passive iron. Galvanized iron is called passive iron since coating of zinc protects the iron from corrosion as zinc is more electropositive and so would be attacked first.
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Question 242 Marks
Explain the following:
Cold water has no action on aluminium.
Answer
Cold water has no action on aluminium while burning aluminium decomposes steam.
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Question 252 Marks
Explain the following:
Aluminium is extensively used for making aircraft parts.
Answer
Aluminium is extensively used for making aircraft parts because of features like high tensile strength, corrosion resistance light but hard and tough.
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Question 262 Marks
Explain the following:
Stainless steel is more useful than steel.
Answer
Stainless steel is more useful than steel as it is harder, has high tensile strength, more lustre, more resistance to corrosion and many chemicals.
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Question 272 Marks
Explain the following:
Galvanization protects iron from rusting.
Answer
Galvanization protects iron from rusting because in galvanization coating of zinc is done over iron articles and zinc being more electropositive would be attacked preferably than iron.
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Question 282 Marks
What is an amalgam? Name one metal which does not form amalgam? State one use of amalgam.
Answer
Amalgam:
A mixture or an alloy of mercury with a number of metals or non-metals is known as amalgams. An amalgam may be liquid such as Na/Hg or a solid like Zn/Hg.
Iron does not form amalgam.
Dental amalgam which is a mixture of mercury with a silver tin alloy is used for dental fillings.
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Question 292 Marks
Give two properties of alloys which are different from constituent metals.
Answer
The properties of alloys which are different from constituent metals are:
1. Alloys are stronger and harder than the metals of which they are made.
2. Alloys are more resistant to corrosion.
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Question 302 Marks
What is an alloy? Give three reasons why alloys are made.
Answer
An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals fused together and then solidified.
Alloys are made because they have many salient features:
  • Tensile strength.
  • Strength.
  • Electrical hardness.
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Question 312 Marks
Name the process of concentration
(a) Based on densities
(b) Based on magnetic nature.
Answer
The process of concentration :
a. Based on densities is Gravity separation.
b. Based on magnetic nature is Electromagnetic separation.
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Question 322 Marks
What is meant by concentration of ores?
Answer
The set of processes used to remove as much of gangue as possible, is known as concentration of ores. It is also known as ore dressing.
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Question 332 Marks
Explain and give reasons why aluminium vessels should not be cleaned with powders containing alkalis.
Answer
Aluminium vessels should not be cleaned with powders containing alkalis because alunimun reacts with alkalis to form respective aluminate and hydrogen as:
$2 Al +2 NaOH +2 H _2 O \rightarrow 2 NaAlO _2+3 H _2$
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Question 342 Marks
Aluminium is a more active metal than iron, but suffers less corrosion. Why?
Answer
Aluminium is a more active metal than iron, but suffers less corrosion because of the formation of a thin, transparent, protective, non-porous adhering film of aluminium oxide on the surface of aluminium which makes it resistant to corrosion .
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Question 352 Marks
Give reason for the following:
Galvanized metal ions should not be used for storing food.
Answer
Galvanized metal ions should not be used for storing food as food acids may react with the zinc coating and cause food poisoning.
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Question 362 Marks
Give reason for the following:
Carbon anodes are used in the electrolytic extraction of aluminium.
Answer
Carbon anodes are used in the electrolytic extraction of aluminium because carbon in the form of graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
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Question 372 Marks
Give reason for the following:
Extraction of aluminium was very difficult in the beginning.
Answer
Extraction of aluminium was very difficult in the beginning because it was very expensive.
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Question 382 Marks
Give reason for the following:
A neutral gas other than oxygen is formed at the anode during electrolysis of fused alumina.
Answer
A neutral gas other than oxygen is formed at the anode during electrolysis of fused alumina because the oxygen gas formed at the anode oxidizes the carbon of the anode to carbon dioxide.
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Question 392 Marks
Give reason for the following:
Aluminium oxide cannot be reduced by carbon.
Answer
Aluminium oxide cannot be reduced by carbon because it is comparatively high in electrochemical series hence more reactive than carbon.
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Question 402 Marks
Give reason for the following:
Nitric acid can be stored in aluminium containers.
Answer
Nitric acid can be stored in aluminium containers because it do not attack aluminium. It renders aluminium passive due to the formation of an oxide film on surface of aluminum.
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Question 412 Marks
Give reason for the following:
Zinc is used in galvanization and dry cells.
Answer
Zinc is used in galvanization and dry cells because zinc coating protects the iron from corrosion as it is more electropositive than iron hence it would be attacked first.
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Question 422 Marks
Answer the following question with respect by hydrogen :
Explain why powdered coke is sprinkled over than electrolytic mixture.
Answer
Powdered coke is sprinkled over the surface of the electrolytic mixture for the following reasons:
  1. To reduce heat loss by radiation
  2. To prevent burning of the anode
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Question 432 Marks
Answer the following question with respect by hydrogen : Identify the components of the electrolyte other than pure alumina and the role played by each.
Answer
Components of electrolyte: Cryolite and fluorspar
Role played by each electrolyte is given below:
  1. Cryolite lowers the fusion temperature from 2050°C to 950°C and enhances conductivity.
  2. Fluorspar andcryolite act as a solvent for the electrolytic mixture and increase conductivity.
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Question 442 Marks
Describe the role played in the extraction of aluminum:
Cryolite
Answer
In the extraction of aluminium, the given compounds play the following roles:
Cryolite: It lowers the fusion temperature from 2050°C to 950°C and enhances conductivity.
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Question 452 Marks
The following question relate to the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.
Explain why is it necessary to renew the anode periodically.
Answer
Extraction of aluminium:
 It is necessary to renew the anode periodically as it gets oxidised by the oxygen evolved at the anode.
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Question 462 Marks
The following question relate to the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.
Name the other aluminium containing compound added to alumina and state the significance.
Answer
Extraction of aluminium:
Cryolite $(Na_3AlF_6)$ is added along with alumina and fluorspar. It lowers the fusion temperature from $2050^\circ$$C$ to $950^\circ$$C$ and enhances conductivity.
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Question 472 Marks
Explain why :
In the electrolysis of alumina using the Hall Heroults Process the electrolyte is covered with powdered coke.
Answer
In the electrolysis of alumina using the Hall-Heroult process, the electrolyte is covered with powdered coke as it.
1. reduces heat loss by radiation.
2. prevents the burning of the anode.
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[2 Mark Question Answer] - Chemistry STD 10 Questions - Vidyadip