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Geography [2 Mark Question Answer]

Waste Management - II · ICSE STD 10 (ICSE - English Medium). 33 questions.

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[2 Mark Question Answer]

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33 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 12 Marks
A fire broke out at the Kochi city corporation-run waste treatment plant. Thick clouds of toxic smoke engulfed the city. The unsorted waste at the plant contained PVC and clinical waste, both of which on combustion are extremely harmful for the general health of people.
-Economic times
(a) Which method of waste management would have helped in reducing health hazard in the above case?
(b) What measures may be undertaken by individuals to reduce waste?
Answer
(a) Sorting of waste, construction of tall chimneys etc.
(b) Individuals must adopt 3 R's of waste management.
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Question 22 Marks
Over the past few years, waste management has become a global concern. Commonly, waste is generated in households, factories, construction sites, refineries and nuclear power plants. Along with the improvement in lifestyle, it has posed alarming threats to the environment. If waste is not managed properly it can cause serious problems to human health and the environment. So, it is necessary for people and businesses to know the importance of waste management.
(a) What will you do to reduce this impact?
(b) What are some of the basis cause for environmental degradation?
Answer
(a) We will adopt the 3R's of waste management, we will segregate the waste, we will carry out composting wherever possible.
(b) Excessive use of natural resources, deforestation, dumping waste unhygienically in water, on land, bad agricultural practices etc.
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Question 32 Marks
India's rivers, especially the smaller ones, have all turned into toxic streams. And even the big ones like the Ganga and Yamuna are far from being pure. The assault on India's rivers - from population growth, agricultural modernization, urbanisation and industrialisation is enormous and growing by the day.... This entire life stands threatened."
(a) What is the reason for the Indian rivers to get highly polluted?
(b) Suggest any two steps to reduce the damage.
Answer
(a) Dumping the untreated sewage in rivers is the main reason for it. Other sources of pollution include agricultural runoff and unregulated small-scale industry.
(b)
  • The sewage should not be discharged directly into the rivers. Increased use of excess fertilizers and pesticides should be banned.
  • We should use biodegradable detergents. Dead human and animal bodies should not be thrown into the rivers.
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Question 52 Marks
Explain with an example how you will implement "recycling" method of waste management?
Answer
(i) We can collect plastic, paper, metal pieces, etc., separately and give them to scrap dealer.
(ii) We can use homemade paper for writing.
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Question 62 Marks
Explain with an example how you will implement "reuse" method of waste management?
Answer
(i) We can use steel plates instead of plastic or thermocol plates.
(ii) The water from the kitchen can be used for watering the garden.
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Question 72 Marks
Explain with an example how you will implement "reduce" method of waste management?
Answer
(i) If we take the food just enough to satisfy our hunger, then extra food won't be left over and thus it will reduce the waste.
(ii) While taking bath, while a person is applying the soap on the body, he can turn off the tap and thus reduce the use and thus help in reducing the production of waste.
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Question 82 Marks
What is Anaerobic composting?
Answer
(i) It's a composting in the absence of oxygen which is typically done in a pit or a trench.
(ii) Anaerobic composting needs more time than aerobic composting but this process produces biogas!
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Question 92 Marks
What is vermicomposting?
Answer
(i) Vermicomposting is a type of composting in which certain species of earthworms are used to enhance the process of organic waste conversion and produce a better end-product.
(ii) Earthworms feeds the organic waste materials and passes it through their digestive system and gives out in a granular form (cocoons) which is known as vermicomposting.
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Question 102 Marks
What is the objective of dumping? What precaution is taken while selecting the site for this process?
Answer
(i) The main objective of dumping is to prevent dispersal of refuse.
(ii) Sites are selected in such a way that, groundwater contamination does not occur. Deep clayey soil with deep water table are better sites.
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Question 112 Marks
What are the advantages of vermicomposting/composting?
Answer
(i) Composting gives us organic manure which is the best for getting chemical free food stuff.
(ii) Enriches soil, helping retain moisture and suppress plant diseases and pests.
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Question 122 Marks
Give any two examples of each of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
Answer
(i) Biodegradable waste include leftover food, vegetable pieces, cuttings, cow dung, etc. can be converted into compost and biogas thus we can manage them.
(ii) The non-biodegradable waste include plastic, glass bottles, metallic pieces should not be thrown but should be recycled.
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Question 132 Marks
Mention any two advantages of Segregation.
Answer
(i) The waste will get managed.
(ii) The waste will get utilized and hence the bad effect of the waste will also be reduced.
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Question 142 Marks
How efficient management of waste is possible at every level?
Answer
It is possible by:
(i) Systematic disposal of waste. It involves collection, segregation and transportation of waste.
(ii) Proper treatment of waste. It involves the processing of waste to reduce the impact of the waste.
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Question 152 Marks
What is understood by biodegradable waste?
Answer
Biodegradable waste is a type of waste which is capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms and thereby avoiding pollution. Example, cow dung, leftover food.
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Question 162 Marks
"Waste segregation is important" Give a reason to support your answer.
Answer
(i) Waste segregation is important because the method of separating waste like solid waste, liquid waste, biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
(ii) This helps to manage them, recycle them, and reuse them effectively.
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Question 172 Marks
There is a need to manage the gaseous waste that is released from factories, vehicles, etc. Explain.
Answer
Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Its effects are dangerous.
(i) It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure.
(ii) Aquatic life gets killed due to increased acidic conditions.
(iii) Monuments and buildings get corroded.
That is why, there is need to manage gaseous waste.
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Question 182 Marks
What is eutrophication? State its effect.
Answer
(i) It is an excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to run-off from the land,
(ii) It causes excess growth of algae and water hyacinth which affect the aquatic life adversely.
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Question 192 Marks
What is incineration?
Answer
(i) It is one of the methods of waste disposal.
(ii) It is the destruction of waste material, by burning at very high temperature in closed containers. Medical wastes are disposed by this method.
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Question 202 Marks
Agricultural waste need to be disposed properly. Explain.
Answer
The surplus fertilizers from the fields are washed by rain, surface runoff and carried to local water bodies.
Effects: (i) With an increase in nitrates and phosphates, in water there is a rapid growth of microscopic algae.
(ii) This chokes the water body and leads to eutrophication (excessive nutrients in a water body).That is why, agricultural waste needs to be managed.
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Question 212 Marks
Industrial waste needs to be managed properly. Explain.
Answer
(i) Industrial effluents are discharged from chemical factories, tanneries, textiles, dye, electroplating and plastic industries.
(ii) They are extremely harmful to people and the environment. That is why, there is need to manage this waste.
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Question 222 Marks
How does soil get polluted due to open dumping?###How does soil pollution occur?
Answer
(i) Soil pollution usually results from the disposal of solid and semi-solid wastes in the open places.
(ii) Toxic chemicals, microorganisms, waste oil from vehicles, waste water, decaying matter from the waste mixed with soil and pollute it.
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Question 232 Marks
State two effects of spoilage of landscape.
Answer
(i) It spoils the aesthetic beauty of the land coupled with severe damage to the environment by creating foul smell and becoming breeding ground for micro-organism and pests.
(ii) It results into spread of diseases, pollution of soil and underground water.
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Question 242 Marks
Name the ways of liquid waste management.
Answer
Liquid management Bioremediation, which is a biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments, effluent treatment and drainage.
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Question 252 Marks
What is composting? State its advantages.
Answer
It is a process in which biodegradable substances are allowed to get fermented in pits. This results into their decomposition and conversion into manure.
Advantages: (i) We obtain valuable organic manure. (ii) Quantity of waste get reduced. (iii) Compost improve the texture of soil.
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Question 262 Marks
Name the ways of solid waste management.
Answer
Following are the methods of managing solid waste:
(i) Segregation $\quad$(ii) Disposal and treatment of solid waste $\quad$(iii) Landfills
(iv) Composting/vermicomposting $\quad$(v) Incineration $\quad$(vi) Recycling
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Question 272 Marks
Name any four steps involved in waste management.
Answer
It involves:
(i) Regular collection. (ii) Transportation of waste. (iii) Proper processing of waste. (iv) Efficient disposal of waste. (v) Recycling of waste. (vi) Monitoring of different types of waste materials.
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Question 282 Marks
What impact does the waste accumulation have on the following:
(i) Quality of air around us.
(ii) Quality of water around us.
Answer
(i) Air gets polluted and cause lung related diseases among us.
(ii) It causes deterioration of quality of water rendering it useful for our use.
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Question 292 Marks
State two advantages of recycling.
Answer
Advantages of recycling are:
(i) It helps in conserving the natural resources that otherwise would be used by industrialists.
(ii) Pollution also gets reduced.
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Question 302 Marks
What do you mean by segregation of waste? Explain.
Answer
(i) It is the separation of waste according to their method of treatment, or according to their nature like solid, liquid or dry or wet garbage or biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
(ii) Dry wastes like plastic, metals, glass, paper, etc are sent for recycling or reuse.
(iii) Wet wastes are sent for composting.
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Question 312 Marks
Open dumping causes water pollution. Explain.
Answer
(i) Groundwater pollution occurs when rainwater mixes with garbage and find its way down into groundwater.
(ii) Many harmful chemicals dissolve in rain water and many harmful microorganism to find their way to groundwater and pollute it.
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Question 322 Marks
What are the characteristics of hazardous wastes?
Answer
Characteristics of hazardous wastes are: Ignitability (unable to be touched), Reactivity, Corrosively and Toxicity.
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Question 332 Marks
What is waste?
Answer
(i) Waste is any unwanted material which has lost all its utility, which occupies space and creates nuisance for us.
(ii) It is material that has adverse impact on environment and human health and hence it is an unwanted substance.
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