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Geography [2 Mark Question Answer]

Water Resources · ICSE STD 10 (ICSE - English Medium). 28 questions.

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[2 Mark Question Answer]

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28 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 12 Marks
National song of India describes India as sujalam suphalam malayaja-sheetalam, Shasya-shyamalam mataram. It means provider of abundant potable drinking water and pure and natural fruits for consumption by the human beings living on earth. India occupies 2.4% part of the world but receives 4% rainfall of the world. Abundant water is available from melting snow in most of the North Indian rivers even in summer.
(a) India is rich in various resources, one of the most important is water, and then why is there scarcity of water?
(b) What are the suitable conditions for tank irrigation?
Answer
(a) In India the water conservation methods are inadequate and hence 90% of rainwater gets wasted. Other reasons include increased consumption due to increased population, water pollution etc.
(b) Undulating surface, hard impervious underground rock etc.
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Question 22 Marks
Maharashtra, as per the economic survey of the state, has around 41. 80 lakh hectares of land which is roughly 20 per cent of agriculture land. The problem of over-irrigation, salination, and land turning barren is common in the areas lying along the major rivers like Bhima, Krishna and Panchganga.
-Indian express
(a) What causes salination of land?
(b) Suggest a step to reduce this salination?
Answer
(a) Due to over irrigation, lot of salts present in the lower part of the soil get dissolved in water. When these soluble salts reach the surface along with water, water gets evaporated leaving behind salts making it saline.
(b) We must use drip irrigation or sprinkle irrigation which make use of limited water for irrigation. We may add lot of organic manure in this soil.
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Question 32 Marks
India's water crisis is a complex issue that stems from multiple factors. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and unsustainable agricultural practices contribute to increasing water demand. Climate change exacerbates the situation, causing erratic rainfall patterns and affecting water sources.
(a) What are the other possible reasons for scarcity of India?
(b) What step will you suggest to government of India to reduce the scarcity of water?
Answer
(a) Inefficient water management, inadequate infrastructure, and pollution also play a role.
(b) To make roof top rain water harvesting compulsory for newly constructed buildings.
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Question 42 Marks
Well irrigation is very popular in Rajasthan. Explain.
Answer
(i) In Rajasthan, there is shortage of natural water where tanks are very few, there is absence of perennial rivers and scarcity of rainfall.
(ii) Wells can be constructed by farmers easily and it uses groundwater which is available in ground from the rainfall occurring even at faraway places. That is why, well irrigation is popular here.
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Question 52 Marks
Write one advantages and disadvantage of bamboo irrigation.
Answer
Advantage: It's economical as it does need power to run.
Disadvantage: As bamboo is biodegradable, the entire network needs to be reinstalled after 2-3 years.
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Question 62 Marks
Why is national water policy formulated? State it's one of the objectives.
Answer
(i) It has been formulated by the Ministry of Water resources of Government of India to govern the planning and development of water resources and their optimum utilisation.
(ii) Objective: To understand the existing situation of availability of water in India and to create laws and institutions for a plan of action with a unified national perspective.
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Question 72 Marks
Though India is agricultural country, land under irrigation is less than 37%. Explain.
Answer
It's due to the following reasons:
(i) Development of irrigation projects need lot of money and India being a developing country, lacks funds.
(ii) Land acquisition for developing irrigation project is very complicated process due to unwillingness of people, opposition from social activists, lack of government initiatives, etc.
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Question 82 Marks
Give a significance of irrigation in Punjab and Rajasthan respectively.
Answer
(i) Punjab: Here, rainfall is uncertain but this region has very fertile soil and abundant river water. Hence, irrigation is needed.
(ii) Rajasthan: Rajasthan receives scanty rainfall especially in the north-western region.
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Question 92 Marks
Name the modern means of irrigation. What are their general benefits and drawbacks?
Answer
Sprinkle irrigation, drip irrigation, etc are the modern means of irrigation.
Advantage: They supply water efficiently.
Disadvantage: They are costly means of irrigation.
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Question 102 Marks
Mention the demerits of perennial canal irrigation.
Answer
Demerits of perennial canal irrigation:
(i) If canals are not lined, canal water seeps underground and causes water logging.
(ii) Underground salts occupy the upper surface of the soil and make the soil saline. For eg. Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana.
(iii) Marshy areas near the canals become the breeding ground for mosquitoes which spread Malaria.
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Question 112 Marks
Mention the merits of perennial canal irrigation.
Answer
Merits of canal irrigation:
(i) Most of the canals are perennial and provide water whenever needed.
(ii) Canal water is loaded with sediments which increase the fertility of the soil.
(iii) Barring initial cost, canal irrigation is quite cheap.
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Question 122 Marks
Why do we find a greater number of inundation canals in northern plains than in South India? Which river has them in large numbers?
Answer
(i) In the North Indian plains there are more perennial rivers which originate in the Himalayas. These rivers are flooded twice a year, in rainy season and also during summer when the snow melts in the Himalayas.
(ii) Moreover, the North Indian plains have gentle slope and soft soil and hence these canals can be constructed easily. Thus, they can supply water to inundation canals.
(iii) Inundation canals are found in large number on river Sutlej.
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Question 132 Marks
State the advantages and disadvantages of inundation canals.
Answer
Advantages:
(i) These are extremely cheap as there is hardly any cost of construction.
(ii) They are helpful in controlling floods and use the water which otherwise would have got wasted.
Disadvantages:
(i) They cannot supply water throughout the year as they have water only when the rivers are flooded
(ii) They can irrigate only a very small area.
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Question 142 Marks
What are Inundation canals? State the necessary condition for constructing inundation canals.
Answer
Inundations canals are those canals which are made by directly cutting the banks of river.
Necessary condition: The land must be plain and that the river should be flooded frequently.
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Question 152 Marks
What are the necessary conditions for the perennial canal irrigation?
Answer
(i) The land must be having very gentle slope.
(ii) There must be a perennial river.
(iii) The land should be soft so that digging is easy.
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Question 162 Marks
What is a tube well?
Answer
(i) A tube well is a well which is made by drilling holes in ground and inserting tubes or pipes in them.
(ii) Water is lifted from them using an electric or hand pump.
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Question 172 Marks
State the disadvantages of tube well.
Answer
(i) There must be sufficient groundwater.
(ii) There must be regular supply of cheap electricity.
(iii) Tube wells are very costly.
(iv) As they used to uplift very large quantity of water, groundwater is getting depleted very fast.
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Question 182 Marks
State the advantages of tube well.
Answer
(i) Tube wells irrigate much larger area of about 450 to 500 hectares.
(ii) They are more reliable during summer or drought conditions where ordinary wells dry up.
(iii) They are also suited for small land holdings.
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Question 192 Marks
Silting is process of tanks getting deposited with silt. State one disadvantage and one advantage of silting.
Answer
Disadvantages
(i) It needs a lot of money and time for desilting.
(ii) Desilting reduces water storing capacity of tank.
Advantage: The silt is very fertile and it is added in farms to increase their fertility.
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Question 202 Marks
State one advantage and disadvange of tank irrigation.
Answer
(i) Advantage: Tanks are cheap method of irrigation.
(ii) Disadvantage: Tanks dry up during summer.
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Question 212 Marks
Why is tank irrigation popular in South India?
Answer
Tank irrigation is important in the south India because:
(i) The land there is undulating and forms natural depression with underlying hard, impervious rocks prevent the percolation of water.
(ii) Tanks enable people to arrest the river water which otherwise flows away.
(iii) There is absence of many perennial rivers.
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Question 222 Marks
What are the suitable conditions for tank irrigation?
Answer
(i) The land must be undulating as it forms natural depression where rain water gets collected.
(ii) There must be presence of hard, impervious rocks which prevent the percolation of water.
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Question 232 Marks
Which states have large well irrigation system?
Answer
(i) Uttar Pradesh has the largest area under well irrigation.
(ii) It is followed by Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Bihar.
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Question 242 Marks
What are the disadvantages of well irrigation?
Answer
(i) Wells dry up during summer and fail to provide water when needed the most.
(ii) A well can irrigate only 1 to 2 hectares of land.
(iii) Sometimes well water is brackish.
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Question 252 Marks
Well irrigation is the most popular mode of irrigation. Why?
Answer
(i) Wells irrigation is one of the simplest and the cheapest means of irrigation.
(ii) Wells can be dug at any convenient place.
(iii) It is an independent source of irrigation.
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Question 262 Marks
What are the suitable conditions for digging well?
Answer
Wells are found where:
(a) Sufficient groundwater is available.
(b) Groundwater level is not very deep.
(c) Soil is soft.
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Question 272 Marks
Name the major traditional and modern means of irrigation in India.
Answer
(i) Traditional means of irrigation include well, ponds and inundation canals.
(ii) Modern means of irrigation include tube wells, perennial canals, sprinkle and drip irrigation.
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Question 282 Marks
What is irrigation?
Answer
(i) Irrigation refers to artificial supply of water to crops.
(ii) It's an agricultural process of applying controlled amounts of water to land to increase the production of crops.
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