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38 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 11 Mark
Complete the following nuclear fission reaction.

$\ce {^235_92 U + ^1_0n -> ^148 La + ^85_35 Br + ....^1_0n + Energy}$

Answer
$\ce {^235_92 U + ^1_0n ->^148_57 La + ^85_35 Br + 3 ^1_0n + Energy}$
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Question 21 Mark
Complete the following nuclear fission reaction.

$\ce{^235_92 U + ^1_0n ->_56Ba + ^92Kr + 3 ^1_0 n + ....}$

Answer
$\ce{^235_92 U + ^1_0n ->^141_56Ba + ^92_16Kr + 3 ^1_0n + Energy}$
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Question 31 Mark
What is a.m.u ? Express 1 a.m.u. in MeV.
Answer
The mass of atomic particles is expressed in terms of atomic mass unit (a.m.u.). 1 a.m.u. of mass is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.
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Question 51 Mark
Name the following nuclear reaction :

$\ce {^235_92U +^1_0-> ^90_38Sr + ^143_54Xe + 3^1_0n + γ}$

Answer
Nuclear fission
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Question 61 Mark
State the similarity in the process of nuclear fission or fusion
Answer
Both fission and fusion create release of neutrons and large amount of energy.
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Question 81 Mark
Name the process, nuclear fission or nuclear fusion, in which the energy released per unit mass is more?
Answer
Nuclear fusion
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Question 91 Mark
Complete the following fusion reaction :

$\ce {^2_1H + ^2_1H -> _2He + ^1H + energy}$

Answer
$\ce {^2_1H + ^2_1H -> ^3_2He + ^1_0H + energy}$
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Question 101 Mark
Complete the following fusion reaction :

$\ce {^3_2He + ^2_1H -> _2He + _1H + energy}$

Answer
$\ce {^3_2He + ^2_1H -> ^4_2He + ^1_1H + energy}$
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Question 111 Mark
What other name is given to nuclear fusion? Give reason.
Answer
Nuclear fusion is also known as thermo-nuclear reaction. This is because nuclear fusion takes place at very high temperature.
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Question 121 Mark
A radioactive substance is oxidized. What changes would you expect to take place in the nature of radioactivity? Explain your answer.
Answer
There will be no change in the nature of radioactivity. This is because radioactivity is a nuclear phenomenon.
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Question 131 Mark
Suggest one effective way for the safe disposal of nuclear waste.
Answer
Delay and decay method is the effective way for the safe disposal of nuclear waste.
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Question 141 Mark

What is meant by nuclear waste?

Answer
After disintegration the radioactive material finally converts into lead and still it holds some radioactivity. This is called nuclear waste.
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Question 151 Mark
Which of the following is the radio isotope in pair ?

$\ce {^39_19 K , ^40_19 K}$

Give reason for your answer.

Answer
$\ce {^40_19 K}$

The reason is that the number of neutrons exceeds the number of protons.

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Question 161 Mark
When does the nucleus of an atom become radioactive?
Answer
When the number of neutrons exceeds much than the number of protons in a nuclei, it become unstable or radioactive.
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Question 171 Mark
Why are the alpha particles not used in radio therapy?
Answer
Because they cannot penetrate the human skin.
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Question 181 Mark

Complete the following nuclear changes:

$\ce {X \text ->[β] X_1 \text ->[α] X_2 \text ->[α] ^172_69 X_3}$

Answer
$\ce {^176_71 X_2 , ^180_73 X_1 , ^180_72 X}$
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Question 191 Mark
Complete the following nuclear change :

$\ce {^A_Z X \text ->[α] X_1 \text ->[γ] X_2 \text ->[2β] X_3}$

Answer
$\ce {^{A-4}_{Z-2} X_1 , ^{A-4}_{Z-2} X_2 , ^{A-4}_Z X_3}$
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Question 201 Mark
Complete the following nuclear change :

$\ce {^238_92 P \text ->[α] Q \text ->[β] R \text ->[β] S}$

Answer
$\ce {^234_90 Q , ^234_91 R , ^234_92 S} $
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Question 211 Mark
Complete the following nuclear change :

$\ce {^238_92 U -> ^234_90 Th + .... + Energy}$

Answer
$\ce {^238_92 U -> ^234_90 Th + ^4_2He + Energy}$
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Question 231 Mark
A nucleus is $\ce {^24_11 Na} $ β-radioactive.

What general name is given to the product nucleus with respect to $\ce {^24_11 Na} $ ?

Answer
Isobar
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Question 241 Mark
A nucleus is $\ce{^24_11 Na}$ β-radioactive.

Write the equation represent β-decay.

Answer
$\ce {^24_11 Na -> ^24_12 Mg + ^0_-1 e}$
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Question 251 Mark
State whether the following nuclear disintegration are allowed or not (star indicate an exited state). Give reason if it is not allowed.

$\ce{^A_Z X -> ^A_{Z-2} X + ^4_2 He}$

Answer
This is not allowed because mass number is not conserved.
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Question 261 Mark
State whether the following nuclear disintegration are allowed or not (star indicate an exited state). Give reason if it is not allowed.

$\ce {^A_Z X^* -> ^A_ZX + γ}$

Answer
This is allowed.
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Question 271 Mark
A certain nucleus A (mass number 238 and atomic number 92) is radioactive and becomes a nucleus B (mass number 234 and atomic number 90) by the loss of one particle.

State the change in the form of a reaction.

Answer
$\ce {^238_92 P -> ^234_90 Q + ^4_2α}$
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Question 281 Mark
A certain nucleus A (mass number 238 and atomic number 92) is radioactive and becomes a nucleus B (mass number 234 and atomic number 90) by the loss of one particle.

Explain how you are arrived at your answer.

Answer
This is because the atomic number has decreased by 2 and mass number has decreased by 4.
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Question 291 Mark
A certain nucleus A (mass number 238 and atomic number 92) is radioactive and becomes a nucleus B (mass number 234 and atomic number 90) by the loss of one particle.

What particle was emitted?

Answer
The alpha particle was emitted.
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Question 301 Mark
Define the term : mass number.
Answer
Mass number-the total number of nucleons in the nucleus is called mass number.
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Question 311 Mark
Define the term : Atomic number
Answer
Atomic number -the number of protons in the nucleus is called atomic number.
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Question 331 Mark
A radioactive source emits three types of radiations

Name the radiation consisting of the same kind of particles as the cathode rays.

Answer
Beta radiations
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Question 341 Mark
A radioactive source emits three types of radiations.

Name the radiation which has the highest ionizing power.

Answer
Alpha radiations
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Question 351 Mark
A radioactive source emits three types of radiations.

Name the radiation which travels with the speed of light.

Answer
Gamma radiations
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Question 361 Mark
A radioactive source emits three types of radiations.

Name the radiation which is most penetrating.

Answer
Gamma radiations
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Question 371 Mark
A radioactive source emits three types of radiations.

Name the radiations which are deflected by the electric field.

Answer
Alpha and beta radiations
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Question 381 Mark
A radioactive source emits three types of radiations.

Name the three radiations.

Answer
Three types of radiations: Alpha, beta and gamma.
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[1 Mark Question Answer] - Physics STD 10 Questions - Vidyadip