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17 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 12 Marks
How does the intensity of scattered light depend on the wavelength of incident light? State conditions when this dependence holds.
Answer
The intensity of scattered light is found to be inversely proportional to the fourth power of wavelength of light. This relation holds when the size of air molecules is much smaller than the wavelength of the light incident.
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Question 22 Marks
What is meant by scattering of light?
Answer
When white light from sun enters the earth's atmosphere, the light gets scattered i.e., the light spreads in all directions by the dust particles, free water molecules and the molecules of the gases present in the atmosphere. This phenomenon is called scattering of light.
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Question 32 Marks
Give reason why the smoke from fire looks white.
Answer
The smoke from the fire looks white because the size of the particle is bigger than the wavelength of light and hence it scatters light of all wavelength which makes it look white.
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Question 42 Marks
The sky at noon appears white. Give reason.
Answer
At noon, the sun is above our head, so we get light rays directly from the sun without much scattering of any particular colour. Further, light has to travel less depth of atmosphere; hence the sky is seen white.
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Question 52 Marks
The wavelength of X-rays is 0.01 Å. Calculate its frequency.
Answer
Wavelength $=0.01 Å=0.01 \times 10^{-10} m$
Speed of X-rays $=3 \times 10^8 m / s$
Speed of light $=$ frequency $x$ wavelength
$\begin{aligned} & C=v \lambda \\ & v=\frac{c}{\beth}=\frac{3 \times 10^a m / s }{0.01 \times 10^{-10} m }=3 \times 10^{20} Hz \end{aligned}$
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Question 62 Marks
An electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 500 MHz and a wavelength of 60 cm Calculate the velocity of the wave.
Answer

$\begin{aligned} & \text { Frequency }=500 MHz =500 \times 10^6 Hz \\ & \text { Wavelength }=60 cm =0.6 m \\ & \text { Velocity of wave }=\text { frequency } \times \text { wavelength }\end{aligned}$
$=500 \times 10^6 \times 0.6=3 \times 10^8 m / s$

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Question 72 Marks
Name three radiations and their wavelength range which are invisible and beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum.
Answer

The three radiations beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum are:

1) Ultraviolet radiations - 100 Å to 4000 Å

2) X-rays - 0.1 Å to 100 Å

3) Gamma rays - <0.1 Å

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Question 82 Marks
State the name and the range of wavelength of the invisible electromagnetic waves beyond the red end of the visible spectrum.
Answer
The electromagnetic waves beyond the red end of the spectrum are known as infrared radiations.
Range: $8000 Å$ to $10^7Å$ (or 800 nm to $1$ mm)
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Question 92 Marks
(a) Name the high energetic invisible electro-magnetic wave which helps in the study of structure of crystals.
(b) State one more use of the wave named in part (a).
Answer
(a) X-rays are used in the study of crystals.
(b) It is also used to detect fracture in bones.
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Question 102 Marks
Name the radiations which are absorbed by the green house gases in the earth's atmosphere.
Answer

Water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone are the major greenhouse gases present in the Earth's atmosphere.

These greenhouse gases absorb the infrared radiations in the Earth's atmosphere.

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Question 112 Marks
Mention three properties of infrared radiations similar to the visible light.
Answer
(a) Infrared radiations travel in straight line as light does, with a speed equal to $3 x$ $10^8 m / s$ in vacuum.
(b) They obey the laws of reflection and refraction.
(c) They do not cause fluorescence on zinc sulphide screen.
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Question 122 Marks
Name three properties of ultraviolet radiations which are similar to visible light.
Answer
(a) Ultraviolet radiations travel in a straight line with a speed of $3 \times 10^8 m$ in air (or vacuum).
(b) They obey the laws of reflection and refraction.
(c) They affect the photographic plate.
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Question 132 Marks
(a) Give a list of at least five radiations, in order of their increasing frequencies, which make up the complete electromagnetic spectrum.

(b) Which of the radiation mentioned by you in part (a) has the highest penetrating power.

Answer
(a) Five radiations, in the order of their increasing frequencies are:
Infrared waves, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-rays and Gamma rays.

(b) Gamma rays have the highest penetrating power.

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Question 142 Marks
Name two sources, each of infrared radiations and ultraviolet radiations.
Answer
All heated bodies such as a heated iron ball, flame, fire etc., are the sources of infrared radiations.
The electric arc and sparks give ultraviolet radiations.
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Question 152 Marks
Name two electromagnetic waves of frequency smaller than that of violet light. State one use of each.
Answer

1) Ultraviolet radiations - 100 Å to 4000 Å

Use: For detecting purity of gems, eggs, ghee, etc.

2) X-rays - 0.1 Å to 100 Å

Use: For detecting fracture in bones, teeth, etc.

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Question 162 Marks
A ray of white light is passed through a glass prism and spectrum is obtained on a screen.
(a) Name the seven colours of the spectrum in order.
(b) Do the colours have the same width in the spectrum?
(c) which of the colour of the spectrum of white light deviates (i) the most, (ii) the least?
Answer
(a) Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red.
(b) No, different colours have different widths in the spectrum.
(c) (i) Violet colour is deviated the most. (ii) Red colour is deviated the least.
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Question 172 Marks
Explain the cause of dispersion of white light through a prism.
Answer
When white light is incident on the first surface of a prism and enters in glass, light of different colours due to different speeds in glass, is refracted or deviated through different angles. Thus the dispersion of white light into its constituent colours takes place at the first surface of prism. Thus the cause of dispersion is the change in speed of light with wavelength or frequency.
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[2 Mark Question Answer] - Physics STD 10 Questions - Vidyadip