BIOLOGY [1 Mark Question Answer]

1. Caecum
2. Colon
3. Rectum

(i) Starch digesting — amylase
(ii) Protein digesting — trypsin
(iii) Fat – digesting — lipases

The main function of bile is the digestion of fats.

Gallbladder

Bile

The end-product of proteins after digestionamino acids.

The part of the alimentary canal where water from undigested food is absorbed large intestine.

The simplest form of carbohydratesglucose.

The enzyme which digests fat lipases.

The organ into which the pancreatic juice and the bile juice are poured small intestine.

The organ where protein digestion-begins Stomach

End product of starch after digestion- Glucose

The four ways in which saliva is useful to us are:
1. Moistens and lubricates the oral cavity and the tongue to make speaking and swallowing easy.
2. Acts as a solvent, dissolving some part of food to stimulate the taste
3. Cleans the mouth and destroys germs
4. Initiates digestion by converting starch into a simpler form, maltose.

The process of converting complex food substances into simpler and smaller units so that they can be easily utilised by the body is defined as digestion.
E.g. proteins are converted to amino acids.

The excess glucose is converted by the liver into insoluble glycogen and stores it, whenever required. The liver can reconvert the glycogen into glucose.

Pharynx — Oesophagus → Stomach → Small- intestine → Large intestine.

Assimilation — The process of using the digested food by the body is called assimilation.

Digestion — The process of breaking the food into smaller and simpler substances so that they can be easily used by the body is called digestion.

Egestion — The process of removal of the undigested food from the body is defined as egestion.

The absorption of food means passing the digested food products into the blood system and lymph vessels to be used further by the body for various life functions.

The small intestine’s inner lining contains a large number of tiny finger-like projections called villi. The villi greatly increase the inner surface area for the absorption of digested food.

Digestion of fats into tiny droplets to provide a larger surface area for the enzymes to act is called the emulsification of fats.

The process by which the food passes from the pharynx to the stomach through the oesophagus by a series of contractions is known as peristalses

A homodont dentition all the teeth in the jaws are similar in shape and structures,
E.g. in frogs and fish.

When a mixture of saliva, food, and bacteria begins to form over the teeth within half an hour of eating, is called a dental plaque

The process of taking in food through the mouth is called ingestion.

Meat eating animals have strong canines as they have to tear the flesh.
Meat eating animals like dogs, wolves, and lions eat raw meat by tearing it so they have sharp canines.

The correct sequence of the processes occurring during digestion are:
Cutting and tearing of food→grinding and mixing saliva →tongue pushes the food →peristalsis