BIOLOGY [5 Mark Question Answer]

• Lactobacillus bacteria are used for curdling of milk (formation of curd from milk). It converts the milk sugar (lactose) into lactic acid, giving the sour taste to the curd.
• Certain bacteria like Acetobacter ferment fruit juices into vinegar (acetic acid).
• Tanning of leather: Certain bacteria are used in the curing of animal hides and skin.
• Retting of fibers: Jute fibers are separated and made softer by the use of bacteria.
• Formation of compost and manure: Cow dung, horse dung, and agricultural wastes are subjected to bacterial action which causes their decay and produces very useful manure.

The uses of Fungi are:

• Fungi are an important source of food. Some mushrooms such as Morechella and Agaricus are edible.
• Yeast, a unicellular fungus, is important in bakeries as it is used in the making of bread. It is also important in the breweries for making alcohol.
• Yeast also produces vitamin B.
• Fungi, like bacteria, are also good decomposes. They decompose dead organic matter and return the nutrients back into the soil.
• Penicillin an important antibiotic is obtained from a fungus called Penicillium notatum.