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Geography [4 Mark Question Answer]

Industries: Their Need, and Classification · ICSE STD 7 (ICSE - English Medium). 4 questions.

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[4 Mark Question Answer]

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Question 14 Marks
A lot of children below the age of 14 years working in various industries.
Do you think these children should work in these industries?
Why do you think they have to work there?
Answer
Child labour is the employment of children at regular and sustained labour.
No, the children should not work in any industry because of the following reasons:
  1. Child labour does more than deprive children of their education and mental and physical development – their childhood is stolen.
  2. Immature and inexperienced child labourers may be completely unaware of the short and long term risks involved in their work.
  3. Working long hours, child labourers are often denied a basic school education, normal social interaction, personal development and emotional support from their family.
    Poverty is undoubtedly a dominant factor in the use of child labour; families on or below the poverty line force their children into work to supplement their household’s meager income. Eradicating poverty, however, is only the first step on the road to eliminating child labour.
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Question 24 Marks
Give an account of the factors that determine the establishment of an industry.
Answer
Factors that determine the establishment of an Industry are:
  1. Availability of Raw Material — All industries that require heavy and bulky raw material are generally set up near the sources of raw materials in order to save heavy transportation cost. For example, iron and steel plants in India and other countries have been set up near iron ore mines and coalfields as both iron ore and coal are heavy and difficult to transport.
  2. Availability of Power — For any industry power is a very critical factor. Cheap, abundant and uninterrupted power supply is an essential need for any modem industry using large machines.
  3. Availability of Transport —An important factor for setting up industries is the availability of efficient means of transportation as movement of raw material to the factory and finished goods to the market depend on it.
  4. Availability of Labour — Though labour-skilled and unskilled-can be transported from different regions, it is advantageous to have an assured labour supply locally for setting up an industry.
  5. Market — The ultimate aim of any industry is to sell its product easily, i.e., to find a market for its product without much difficulty. Industries of certain types are set up in specific regions where their goods can easily be sold. Woollen industries will do well in areas of cold climate while industries making cotton goods will
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Question 34 Marks
What are the differences between a cottage industry and a small-scale industry?
Answer
The differences between a cottage industry and a small- scale industry are:
  1. The location of cottage industries is restricted in villages whereas the small-scale industries are mostly located in urban and semi-urban areas.
  2. Cottage industry being a household industry is mostly run by the members of the family and therefore do not maintain hired labourers. But the small-scale industries are mostly run by hired labourers.
  3. Cottage industries are producing goods for meeting local requirements whereas small-scale industries are producing goods to meet the demand for the people living in a wider area.
  4. Cottage industries are investing a very little amount of capital and are working with simple tools. But the small industries are investing a comparatively higher amount of capital (presently the limit has been raised from Rs. 60 lakh to Rs. 3 crores) and are working with machines run by power.
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Question 44 Marks
Why do we need industries?
Answer
Industries are required because of the following reasons:
  1. Industries are needed to make a country strong financially: The more number of industries in a country the stronger the country becomes. Countries such as the USA and China are strong because of the hundreds and thousands of industries they have. India too has many industries but not as many as the USA or China. Some countries like Nepal have very few industries.
  2. Industries are needed for products of daily use: We will see items that we use every day such as toothpaste, soap, bicycle, exercise books, pencils, medicines, cheese, and jams, and so on. All these items are manufactured by different industries.
  3. Industries are needed so there is no shortage of necessary goods:
    Apart from fulfilling our daily needs, industries must produce
    sufficiently so that all the things people need are available to them at reasonable prices.
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