Geography [4 Mark Question Answer]

The ways in which we can save electricity are :

1. Using natural light whenever possible instead of using artificial light
2. Replacing our bulb with CFL or LED bulbs.
3. Turn off the lights wherever it is not required.
4. By unplugging the appliances that are not in use.
5. Replacing old appliances with new energy-saving models.
6. Using less air conditioner and less hot water.

1. The five hydroelectric projects in India are :
   1. Lower Jhelum
   2. Salal
   3. Ramganga
   4. Harduaganj
   5. Sardar Sarovar

 

Conservation of energy is important, especially the conservation
of conventional energy resources that may get exhausted in this century itself. With growing demands due to increasing population, we are overusing and wasting them. It is important that we soon find ways to use non-conventional sources of power as there is no danger of them being exhausted in our lifetime. In our daily life, we need to conserve energy. By remembering the 3 R’s and practicing reuse, recycle, and reduce, we can save a lot of resources, utilize them judiciously, and conserve them for future generations.
It should be realized that if all life-supporting resources are indiscriminately used then our very existence on earth would be in danger.
Carpooling, turning off lights and fans when not required, cycling and using public transport are effective ways of saving energy. Alternative sources of energy, such as the sun, wind, and water, must be extensively used.

India ranks fourth in terms of the number of dams. India has more than 4800 completed large dams and many more are being built. Some important dams in India are:

• Bhakra-Nangal dam — on river Satluj.
• Damodar Valley Project — on river Damodar in West Bengal
• Farakka Barrage — on river Ganga in West Bengal,
• Sardar Sarovar dam — on Narmada,
• Hirakuddam — onMahanadi.
• Nagarjuna Sagar and Idukki dams — on Krishna
• Idukki dam — on Periyar in Kerala.

Depending on the carbon content, there are four types of coal: Arundeep’s Self-Help to Voyage-7
(a) Anthracite is the best quality of coal since it has almost 90% carbon.
(b) Bituminous coal is the second-best coal with 65% to 70% carbon.
(c) Lignite is poor quality coal with a carbon content of around 60%.
(d) Peat has very little carbon, is not fully formed, and gives little heat and a lot of smoke on burning.

Solar energy is the energy that we receive from the sun. It is readily available in nature and in unlimited quantities.
While there are several ways to obtain solar energy, one way is by the use of solar cells or photovoltaic panels. These panels are made from very thin semiconducting materials which, when exposed to sunlight, use the heat and light of the sun to shake the electrons loose and create an electric current.
Solar cells are used for lighting street lamps, electronic calculators, watches, smartphones, cameras, traffic signals, water pumps, and home lighting. Solar energy is being used to heat ovens, cook food, and heat water.

Renewable Resources

1. These are those resources that can be renewed in a short time.
2. These do not cause any pollution to the environment.
3. These are the free gifts of nature.
4. Air, water, and solar energy are examples of renewable resources.

Non-Renewable Resources

1. These are those resources that cannot be renewed in a short time.
2. These cause pollution to the environment.
3. These are not free gifts of nature.
4. Coal, Petroleum, and some minerals are examples of non-renewable resources.