BIOLOGY [3 marks Question Answer]

The brain is one of the important, largest and central organ of the human nervous system. It is the control unit of the nervous system, which helps us in discovering new things, remembering and understanding, making decisions, and a lot more. It is enclosed within the skull, which provides frontal, lateral and dorsal protection. The human brain is composed of three major parts:
1. Forebrain: The anterior part of the brain, consists of Cerebrum, Hypothalamus and Thalamus.
2. Midbrain: The smaller and central part of the brainstem, consists of Tectum and Tegmentum.
3. Hindbrain: The central region of the brain, composed of Cerebellum, Medulla and Pons.

Nerves are the fundamental structural and functional unit of the peripheral nervous system. They comprise the fiber- like structures that send and receive the signals between the brain and the body. They contain the nerve cells or neurons that help in signal transduction and processing. The nerv transmit motor and sensory information between the PNS and CNS.
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There are three types of nerves found in humans:
1. Sensory nerves: These carry impulses from the sense organs to either the spinal cord or the brain. e.g: the optic nerve in the eye and the auditory nerve in the ear.
2. Motor nerves: These carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.
3. Mixed nerves: These perform the function of both sensory nerves and motor nerves. They transmit electrical impulses from the central nervous system to muscles of the body.