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Geography [4 Mark Question Answer]

Disaster Management · ICSE STD 8 (ICSE - English Medium). 10 questions.

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[4 Mark Question Answer]

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10 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 14 Marks
The photograph shows children practicing the ‘drop, cover, and hold’ strategy during an earthquake.
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What are the precautions that should be taken during an earthquake and the tremors that follow?
Answer
If you are indoors during an earthquake, three steps $–$ drop, cover, and hold $–$ could save you from receiving severe injuries. If your building is shaking, immediately drop to the ground and take cover under a bed or table. If you are outdoors during a tremor, the best strategy would be to move towards an open area $–$ away from trees, buildings, transmission towers, electricity poles, etc. Stay away from bridges and flyovers during an earthquake, and even for a while after it has subsided.
It is very important to follow proper norms while constructing buildings, bridges, flyovers, and dams. Old buildings should be strengthened through the process of retrofitting. We must keep a first$-$aid box at home and in school. It can be very useful in case of an emergency.
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Question 24 Marks
What precautions should be taken against nuclear disaster?
Answer
In the case of a nuclear disaster, we can take the following precautions :
  1. It is advisable to stay indoors with all doors and windows shut as radioactivity cannot penetrate through solids walls.
  2. Any dust or liquid that gets deposited outside should not be touched as it may be contaminated.
  3. Official broadcasts for instructions should be followed.
  4. Nuclear plants should not be established in populated areas and such plants should never be constructed in an earthquake$-$prone region.
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Question 34 Marks
Briefly explain the steps to be taken to mitigate the impact of cyclones.
Answer
In order to mitigate the impact of cyclone following, precautions can be taken :
  1. People living in cyclone$-$prone regions must be alert and keep a track of warnings, announcements, and instructions from the meteorological department and the Disaster Warning System $\text{(DWS)}$, television news, and radio broadcasts. They should carefully follow instructions given on radio and television and act accordingly to avoid danger. A timely warning can save many lives.
  2. Cyclone$-$prone areas should have pre$-$constructed shelters that are known to everyone.
  3. The houses in these areas should be designed to withstand strong winds.
  4. We must conserve coastal vegetation such as mangrove forests as these act as windbreaks and reduce the impact of waves.
  5. Emergency kit, food, water, and medicines should be kept ready in a waterproof bag.
  6. People should take precautions against snakebites, fallen electric poles, wires, etc.
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Question 44 Marks
What role can people play in disaster management?
Answer
When a disaster occurs, the external aid comes late, so the people should be skilled in first$-$aid techniques and in ways to help other critically injured people. Every house should have a first$-$aid kit. There should be awareness of the disasters and preventions for them. For example, the hotel management could help save a lot of lives in case of a fire if it follows the government regulations on emergency exits, escapes routes, and fire extinguishers. The residents of a war zone may construct underground bunkers that can protect them from airstrikes by enemy nations. People living in areas prone to tsunami may plant more trees or create tsunami walls, along the coastline to prevent extensive damage. Also, people should be alert to suspicious elements, such as terrorists, who are capable of launching attacks and causing man$-$made disasters.
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Question 54 Marks
Write some ways in which the government can tackle man$-$made disasters.
Answer
The government can tackle man$-$made disasters in many ways :
  1. The government of developing countries should allot a substantial sum of money from their budget to set up special disaster management departments.
  2. Efficient forecasting and warning systems should be installed.
  3. Modern tools of information technology must be used for managing such situations.
  4. The government should set up organizations to coordinate relief work and give top priority to rehabilitation and reconstruction plans.
  5. The communication network should be strengthened to ensure that entire regions do not get cut off in the eventuality of disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis.
  6. The inspection team should be sent regularly to check safety regulations at public places like hotels, malls, theatres, etc.
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Question 64 Marks
Write any five safety measures against fires.
Answer
Few safety measures against fire are :
  1. Everyone should be acquainted with the common fire safety norms.
  2. We should take some time out to find out about the different kinds of fire extinguishers and the correct one to use in case of a fire. Fires are of different origins and we should make an effort to know more about this and the right extinguisher to use.
  3. While entering a public place such a cinema hall or auditorium, we should make note of the fire exits and all other possible exits.
  4. If a fire were to break out, we should avoid using the lift as a means of escape.
  5. We should undergo training in first$-$aid in case of a fire and ways to put out flames.
  6. If we light a matchstick to light a candle or the stove, we should also make sure that the matchstick is properly disposed of.
  7. We should always turn off the knob of our $\text{LPG}$ cylinders when it is not in use. We should also always keep a kitchen window open so that any inflammable gas can dissipate instead of accumulating in the kitchen.
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Question 74 Marks
Write a note on the safety measures to lessen the impact of droughts.
Answer
Safety measures to lessen the impact of droughts are :
  1. Using water sources such as rivers, lakes, and ponds carefully and maintaining them is important to tide people over during times of no rain.
  2. Rainwater harvesting goes a long way in replenishing the depleting supply of groundwater. The government and social welfare organizations should teach and enable people to harvest rainwater to restore their water reserves.
  3. The building of check dams also helps to collect run$-$off water in hilly areas.
  4. We should stop cutting down trees along river banks and other water bodies. Instead, we should plant more trees. Trees help in drawing moisture and rainfall to a region.
  5. We should stop the wasteful use of water in our daily life.
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Question 84 Marks
Mention any three safety measures against fire.
Answer
Few safety measures against fire are :
  1. Every one should be acquainted with the common fire safety norms.
  2. We should take some time out to find out about the different
    kinds of fire extinguishers and the correct one to use in case of a fire. Fires are of different origins and we should make an effort to know more about this and the right extinguisher to use.
  3. While entering a public place such a cinema hall or auditorium, we should make note of the fire exits and all other possible exits.
  4. If a fire were to break out, we should avoid using the lift as a means of escape.
  5. We should undergo training in first$-$aid in case of a fire and ways to put out flames.
  6. If we light a matchstick to light a candle or the stove, we should also make sure that the matchstick is properly disposed of.
  7. We should always turn off the knob of our $\text{LPG}$ cylinders when it is not in use. We should also always keep a kitchen window open so that any inflammable gas can dissipate instead of accumulating in the kitchen.
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Question 94 Marks
What safety measures can be followed against floods?
Answer
Floods can be prevented in vulnerable areas by properly maintaining dykes and embankments along rivers. The government and relief organisation must also have provisions of flood shelters in vulnerable places $($along flood$-$prone regions$)$ so that people and livestock can be quickly evacuated and provided relief too. The government must also plan to station rescue equipment near flood$-$prone areas. It should be possible to immediately deploy rescue boats and have communication lines open and functioning in order to rescue people caught in rising levels of water. There should be enough dry food, clean water, and medicines made available to these people, affected by floods, so that spread of diseases can be stopped.
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Question 104 Marks
Why is disaster management important?
Answer
A disaster $– ($natural or man$-$made$)$ can strike anytime without warning. The disaster management is important because the geographical location and landscape of India expose it to earthquakes and many kinds of weather$-$related disasters. In a developing country like India, usually the poor suffer the most. Therefore, it is extremely important for the government, the people, and social organizations to be prepared with proper plans and arrangements to face any kind of disaster. Proper and prior planning can help in limiting and minimizing damages and losses resulting from any disaster $–$ natural or man$-$made.
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