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Geography [4 Mark Question Answer]

Urbanization · ICSE STD 8 (ICSE - English Medium). 10 questions.

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[4 Mark Question Answer]

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10 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 14 Marks
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Mention any three essential infrastructure requirement of a smart city.
Answer
In a smart city, information technology $(IT)$ is the core infrastructure and the basis of providing essential services to$-$ all residents. Other essential infrastructure, apart from $IT$ in a smart city, would include :
  1. Proper sanitation and waste management systems.
  2. Round the clock electricity supply.
  3. Round the clock and adequate water supply.
  4. Efficient urban mobility and public transport with a network of good, well$-$connected roads.
  5. Well$-$designed and affordable housing which even people in the low$-$income brackets can buy.
  6. Good governance, particularly e$-$governance where everything and everyone is connected digitally.
  7. Sustainable environment with more than adequate green cover.
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Question 24 Marks
Give some examples of satellite cities in India.
Answer
Main city Satellite cities
Mumbai Navi Mumbai, Thane
New Delhi Gurugram, Noida
Kolkata Rajarhat, Salt Lake City
Hyderabad Hi tech City
Pune Pimpri$-$ Chinchwad
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Question 34 Marks
What are the essential features of a Smart City?
Answer
Smart cities are urban regions that are highly advanced in terms of overall infrastructure. The $IT ($information technology$)$ is the core basis of providing essential services to all residents. Other essential infrastructure, apart from $IT$ in a smart city, includes
  1. proper sanitation and waste management systems
  2. round the clock electricity supply
  3. round the clock and adequate water supply
  4. efficient urban mobility and public transport with a network of good, well$-$connected roads
  5. well$-$designed and affordable housing which even people in the low$-$income brackets can buy
  6. good governance, particularly e$-$governance where everything and everyone is connected digitally
  7. sustainable environment with more than adequate green cover
  8. safety and security of women, children and the elderly
  9. quick and efficient functioning of law enforcement officials
  10. adequate health centers and nursing homes
  11. good schools equipped with the latest teaching aids and smart classes.
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Question 44 Marks
Elaborate the features of a satellite city.
Answer
Satellite cities are smaller cities close to a larger or main city but are independent of them. Some of the features of a satellite city are
  1. It is smaller than the main city and is located nearby.
  2. Satellite towns or cities are socially and economically independent, either completely or partially.
  3. Being physically separated front the metropolis by a wide corridor of rural land or a green belt or even a river, satellite cities develop their own urbanized area in the course of time.
  4. Satellite towns or cities are connected to the metropolis by trains and motorways.
  5. Many satellite towns or cities do not encourage the setting up of high pollution generating industries and factories.
  6. Satellite towns and cities encourage development of small$-$ scale industries such as dairy farms, cottage industries, handicraft industries, jam factories, etc.
  7. Satellite cities are mostly ‘bedroom communities’ or residential areas. People go to work in the main city and return to their homes in the satellite cities.
  8. Satellite cities set up the their own municipalities.
  9. Satellite cities have their own museums, art galleries, theatres and multiplexes.
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Question 54 Marks
Briefly explain ways of reducing the negative impact of urbanization.
Answer
There are various steps that the government can take to check and reduce the negative effects of urbanization.
  1. Sustainable and environment$-$friendly cities : The government should plan and provide environment$-$friendly cities with smart growth techniques and should pass laws to this effect. It is quite unhealthy for people to reside in unsafe and polluted areas. Therefore, the government should aim to build sustainable cities with improved environmental conditions and habitats which are safe and clean for people living in urban areas.
  2. Provision of essential services : The government at the local level must ensure,that all populations living within the urban areas have access to adequate essential services such as education, health, sanitation and clean water, technology, electricity and food. Jobs and earning opportunities must be provided so that people can earn a living and lead a good quality life. Subsidies should also be provided by the government so that the costs of basic healthcare, education, public transportation, communication systems, energy and technology can be reduced.
  3. More job creation : More employment opportunities should be created to lessen the negative impact of rapid urbanization. Private investments should be encouraged in order to effectively utilize natural resources and create more job opportunities. For example by exploiting natural resources optimally and promoting tourism, more job opportunities can be created for the urban population. In order to encourage job creation, subsidies and grants should be provided to foreign and private investment in environment$-$friendly development projects.
  4. Population control : The government at the local level in urban areas must provide medical health clinics and family planning centers to help reduce the high rates of population growth. Effective medical counselling and campaigns directed towards health care and hygiene and family planning options must be provided across the entire urban area with the sole purpose of controlling diseases and population growth.
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Question 64 Marks
How does urbanization negatively impact the lives of people?
Answer
  1. Migrants from village to cities end up being labourers and lead to the creation of slums.
  2. Slum owners can easily throw out the slum dwellers from their houses.
  3. Growth in slums puts extra pressure on essential utilities like clean drinking water, sanitation, electricity supply, etc.
  4. Overcrowding in slums lead to the outbreak of diseases such as malaria and dengue.
  5. unemployment increases as the number of people looking for jobs is more than jobs available.
  6. Unemployment and poverty force people to do crimes.
  7. With urbanization, environment is affected is many ways.
    There is a steep rise in air pollution due to more factories and motor vehicles plying on the roads.
    The expansion of cities leads to the destruction of flora and fauna. Demand for more housing leads to deforestation and destruction of wetlands which drive away many birds and animals from their natural habitats.
    In many areas close to the sea, urbanization damages the ocean ecosystem.
    Destruction of green areas and increase in buildings leads to an increase in city temperatures.
    Rise in air pollution leads to respiratory diseases and allergies.
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Question 74 Marks
What are the positive impacts of urbanization?
Answer
  1. There is development and expansion of essential services like clean water, electricity and transport in cities.
  2. People in urban areas have greater access to health, educational, cultural and social services than in rural areas.
  3. More schools, colleges, training centers and universities provide better prospects to the children of migrants.
  4. Urbanization creates harmony among people coming from different strata of society, allowing people of different castes, groups, languages and religions to live and work together, breaking down the social and cultural barriers.
  5. Urbanization allows people to acquire modern communication skills, knowledge of computers, smartphones, languages, etc which enable them to get jobs.
  6. Urbanization also provides people the opportunity to acquire training and work experience in hi$-$tech industries, enhancing their skills and facilitating them to migrate to other countries.
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Question 84 Marks
Mention the top ten smart cities in the world.
Answer
The top $10$ smart cities in the world $($as in $2017)$
Rank City Country
$1$ New York City United States of America
$2$ London United Kingdom
$3$ Paris France
$4$ Boston United States of America
$5$ San Francisco United States of America
$6$ Washington, $DC$ United States of America
$7$ Seoul South Korea
$8$ Tokyo Japan
$9$ Berlin Germany
$10$ Amsterdam Netherlands
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Question 94 Marks
Mention three ways in which the environment is affected as a result of increased urbanization.
Answer
  1. There is a steep rise in air pollution due to more factories and motor vehicles plying on the roads.
  2. The expansion of cities leads to the destruction of flora and fauna. Demand for more housing leads to deforestation and destruction of wetlands which drive away many birds and animals from their natural habitats.
  3. In many areas close to the sea, urbanization damages the ocean ecosystem.
  4. Destruction of green areas and increase in buildings leads to an increase in city temperatures.
  5. Rise in air pollution leads to respiratory diseases and allergies.
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Question 104 Marks
List any three factors responsible for the urbanization of a place.
Answer
  1. Rapid industrial growth in and around cities provide plenty of job opportunities.
  2. Modern lifestyle and freedom from social practice like caste system in villages.
  3. Better medical facilities and health care services.
  4. Better education prospects for migrants and their children.
  5. Cities offer higher wages to workers.
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[4 Mark Question Answer] - Geography STD 8 Questions - Vidyadip