BIOLOGY [3 marks Question Answer]

(i) 1. floating male flower 2. female flower 3. pedicel 4. fruit
(ii) water pollination
(iii) Pollination in Vallisneria is epihydriphilous. It is a type of hydrophily which occurs on the surface of water. The female flower have a very long pedicel, therefore it reaches the surface of water. Male flowers after breakage floats on the surface of water.

(i) L.S. Ovule showing embryo sac
(ii) 1. antipodal pole 2. polar nuclei 3. funiculus 4. nuclellus 5. embryo sac 6. synergids
(iii) seed

(i) wind Pollination
(ii) 1. male inflorescence 2. pollen grains and 3. female inflorescence
(iii) in maize

Advantages of self-pollination:
1. The race's purity is preserved.
2. Pollen grains do not go to waste.
3. Pollination is not dependent on external causes or pollinating agents.
Disadvantages of self-pollination:
1. The seeds are smaller in number.
2. New plant varieties cannot be created.
Advantages of cross-pollination:
1. New varieties are created as a result of cross-pollination.
2. Seeds are produced in more significant quantities and are more viable.