BIOLOGY [5 Mark Question Answer]

(i) The main difference between protandry and protogyny is that protandry is the changing of the sex of an organism from male to a female whereas protogyny is the changing of the sex of an organism from female to a male.
(ii) The process of transfer of pollen grains from anthers to the stigma of a flower, but when this process is between the flowers of the same plant then the term is called self-pollination. The process of transfer of pollen grains between the flowers of the different plants of the same species is called cross-pollination.
(iii) Fruits are the mature or ripened reproductive structures (ovary of a flower) formed by plants that enclose seeds and help with their dispersal. Fruits generally have fleshy outer material.
(iv) The ovule is the female gametophyte which after fertilization transforms into a seed. A seed on the other side a seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protection outer covering known as the seed coat. It is the product of the ripened ovule which occurs after fertilization.

(i) Anemophily or wind pollination is pollination carried out with the help of the wind. This pollination is called anemophilous pollination. The flowers which carry out such type of pollination are wind pollinating flowers. They are small lightly coloured and do not produce scent or nectar.
(ii) A zygote, also known as a fertilized ovum or fertilized egg, is the union of a sperm cell and an egg cell. The zygote begins as a single cell but divides rapidly in the days following fertilization. The zygote's single cell contains all of the 46 necessary chromosomes, getting 23 from the sperm and 23 from the egg.
(iii) Double fertilization is a complex fertilization mechanism of flowering plants (angiosperms).
(iv) Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells. They are also referred to as sex cells. Female gametes are called ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called sperm. Gametes are haploid cells, and each cell carries only one copy of each chromosome.