Geography [1 Mark Question Answer]

Mauna Loa (Hawaii islands).

The crater of a volcano is the mouth of a volcano in its vertex in the form of a circular hole.

‘Magma’ is the one word of several matters erupting out of a volcano e.g. lava, steam, cinderellas, stones, cinder, smoke, etc.

Volcanoes are formed by the eruption of magma from the interior and deposited on the land surface and after cooling down take the shape of volcanoes.

‘Volcanoes’ are the outlets of magma through a vent or cracks in the form of a conical volcanic hill or through various holes known as fissure eruption.

A well known geyser is ‘Old Faithful’ in Yellow Stone National Park of Wyoming. It erupts regularly every hour and attracts a large number of tourists.

There is a close relationship between an earthquake and a volcano. Earthquakes and volcanoes occur in small belts, i.e. Mid world belt and Circum Pacific belt. Their distribution shows a similar pattern. Volcanic eruption leads to earthquakes. Volcanic eruptions are the local cause of earthquakes.

The materials thrown out of a volcano due to eruptions are of three types :

1. Solid materials:- The solid materials include large fragments of rocks known as volcanic Bombs. The finest particles include cinder volcanic ash dust.
2. Liquid materials:- The liquid materials include basic lava and Acid lava. Acid lava has more silica while Basic lava has a low content of Silica.
3. Gaseous materials:- The gaseous material is mainly composed of steam. The other gases include Oxygen Hydrogen Sulphuric acid Carbon dioxide etc.