Geography [1 Mark Question Answer]

Two processes are denudation and aggradation.

Denudation is the wearing away of landmass by various agents as water, wind, and ice through various processes like weathering, mass movement, erosion, and transportation.

These are the external forces that sculpture the surface features of the land.

Biological weathering is done by animals, insects plants and man, because these break up the rocks through making holes, root channels and construction of building, canals, etc

It is the process of reaction of minerals present in rocks to atmospheric oxygen.

Physical weathering does disintegration of rock without chemical reaction and the chemical weathering does change in chemical compounds within the rock.

There are three types of weathering, physical, chemical and biological.

It is the rapid movement of rock debris etc in heavy amount taking the form of a thick sheet of thick fluid of soil and clay removing settlement and vegetation cover, too.

The movement of loose material derived from the bed rock through weathering is called mass wasting.

Weathering involves disintegration or decay of solid rock due to a change in temperature and weather and their impact on the composition of the rock.

Underground water is an effective agent of denudation in limestone regions.

Weak acids, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen.

Ions of calcium, magnesium, and potassium are known as bases. They are required by the plants for their growth.

Grassland soils are less acidic than forest soils because grasses are heavy feeders on the bases.

A soil dominated by clay makes tilling difficult because it is sticky and tough.

Farmers are encouraged to adopt soil conservation methods because it protects the top layer of the soil.

Climate is the most important factor of soil formation because it controls the type of weathering of the parent rock arid availability of soil moisture for plants and micro-organisms.

Human activities encourage weathering because these activities expose rocks to sun and rain due to which weathering takes place rapidly.

Presence of water aids chemical weathering because it dissolves soluble minerals present in the rocks.

Change of temperature leads to physical weathering because it leads to expansion due to heating and contraction due to cooling.

Breaking up of rocks by agents related to atmosphere.

The freezing of water in the cracks and openings of rocks during the night leading to the splitting up of the rocks is called frost action.

The process of erosion, transportation and deposition of rock material is called deposition.

Soil textures refers to size of the particles comprising the soil.

Sudden movement of weathered particles down the slope is known as a landslide.

The vertical cross section of soil is called soil profile.

It is the decayed vegetation material found in the soil.

The disintegration or decay of rocks on the surface of the Earth due to atmospheric conditions is called weathering.

Formation of carbon compounds with the contact of air with rocks e.g. Calcium Carbonate, which is easily carried on by ground water.

Formation of oxygen compounds with the contact of air with rocks e.g. iron-oxide etc. is known as oxidation.

It is the loose material created by the weathering of rocks i.e. small pieces of rocks.

It is the process of scaling off the curved outer shells of the rock. Exfoliated dome-shaped rocks are largely found in great deserts.

Chernozems — are the richest soils found in the grassy steppes and are best for wheat cultivation.

Soils — The soils are the aggregate of loose, unconsolidated material along with micro-organism mineral compounds, hummus, etc.

Soil profile — The vertical structure of the soil from the bedrock below up to the surface soil is called the soil profile.

Soil structure — The structure of the soil may be blocky, granular, prismatic, or columnar and platy which decides the movement of the soil water.

Soil texture — It is the makeup of the soil referring to the sizes of the soil particles.

The solution is the chemical process in which some of the minerals are dissolved by the water.

Hydration occurs when the water itself combines chemically with some element or mineral.

Mature soils are those which are undisturbed by erosion or deposition.

Denudation refers to the gradual disintegration and decomposition of rocks which lie exposed to the elements of weather.

Humus is produced by the decayed organic material, including dead leaves, stems roots, living bacteria, fungi, worms, and other organisms.

To lay the rocks bare.

It is the decayed vegetation material found in the soil.

The solution of silica of the rocks with water is called desilication.

Formation of carbon compounds with the contact of air with rocks e.g. Calcium Carbonate, which is easily carried on by ground water.

Formation of oxygen compounds with the contact of air with rocks e.g. iron-oxide etc. is known as oxidation.

 It is the loose material created by the weathering of rocks i.e. small pieces of rocks.

It is the process of scaling off the curved outer shells of the rock. Exfoliated dome-shaped rocks are largely found in great deserts.